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Sugar

4.2 grams of sugar = 1 teaspoon

In the News

 

  That Sugar Film -- Wikipedia

 

That Sugar Film is also available on Amazon Prime

see also
Agave
 Honey
Artificial Sweetners
Sweet Treats Bibliography
Food Tax
Nutritional Psychology
Obesity
Salt
Brain

 

  Macro photograph of sugar (saccharose).
The sugar was on a ruler, and the black marks are 1 mm apart.
Lauri Andler

Sucrose: a disaccharide of glucose (left) and fructose (right), important molecules in the body Wikipedia

NOUN:		1. A sweet crystalline or powdered substance, white when pure, consisting of sucrose obtained mainly from sugar cane and sugar beets and used in many foods, drinks, and medicines to improve their taste. Also called table sugar. 2. Any of a class of water-soluble crystalline carbohydrates, including sucrose and lactose, having a characteristically sweet taste and classified as monosaccharides, disaccharides, and trisaccharides. 3. A unit, such as a lump or cube, in which sugar is dispensed or taken. 4. Slang Sweetheart. Used as a term of endearment.
VERB:		Inflected forms: sug·ared, sug·ar·ing, sug·ars
TRANSITIVE VERB:		1. To coat, cover, or sweeten with sugar. 2. To make less distasteful or more appealing.
INTRANSITIVE VERB:		1. To form sugar. 2. To form granules; granulate. 3. To make sugar or syrup from sugar maple sap. Often used with off.
ETYMOLOGY:		Middle English sugre, from Old French sukere, from Medieval Latin succrum, from Old Italian zucchero, from Arabic sukkar, from Persian shakar, from Sanskrit arkar, grit, ground sugar.
OTHER FORMS:		sugar·er —NOUN
www.bartleby.com 61/76/S0867600.html

Wikipedia:

sugar
History of sugar
Maple sugar
Maple syrup
Agave nectar
Panela

In the News . . .

• How Oat Milk Scammed The Entire World -- delish (05 February 2024)
  
  
• Barbados fights Big Sugar for the survival of its people -- The Guardian (8 June 2022)
  
  
• Why not all comfort food is the same -- BBCFuture (06 January 2023)
  
  
• Is There Such a Thing as a ‘Sugar High’? -- The New York Times (25 February 2021)
  
  
• UK needs to tax salt in the same way it does sugar, says heart charity -- The Guardian (20 June 2022)
  
  
• The Johnny Appleseed of Sugar Kelp -- The New York Times (10 June 2022)
  
  
• Have your cake and eat it: how to cut down on sugar -- The Guardian (18 May 2022)
  
  
• This New Sugar Could Massively Change Grocery Products As We Know It -- Eat This Not That (18 February)
  
  
• Two glasses of wine can exceed daily sugar limit, warn UK experts -- The Guardian (16 February 2022)
  
  
• ‘A ticking timebomb’: Australian doctors use social media to call for sugar tax on soft drinks -- The Guardian (18 January 2022)
  
  
• You’re programmed to love sugar. An anthropologist explains why -- Stephen Wooding, University of California (06 January 2022)
  
  
• Cutting This One Thing From Your Diet May Save Your Life, New Study Says -- Eat This Not That (04 September 2021)
  
  
• What happens to your brain when you give up sugar -- BBCfuture (18 August 2021)
  
  
• National Food Strategy: Tax sugar and salt and prescribe veg, report -- BBCNews (15 July 2021)
  
  
• 'Crazy Worms' Threaten America's Trees — And (Gasp!) Our Maple Syrup -- NPRNews (13 June 2021)
  
  
• How sugary drinks during pregnancy affect childhood obesity (and what to do about it) -- Brookings (14 April 2021)
  
  
• Beware sugar highs: seven healthy ways to get more energy – from stretching to sourdough -- The Guardian (05 April 2021)
  
  
• The End of Maple? Maple Sugaring Amid a Changing Climate -- Audubon Vermont (01 April 2021)
  
  
• High school announcer caught by hot mic blames racist outburst on high blood sugar -- The Guardian (12 March 2021)
  
  
• 80% of Americans Are Deficient in This Mineral That Controls Sugar Cravings -- EatThis,NotThat! (17 January 2021)
  
  
• US dietary advisory committee says no added sugar until age two -- BBCNews (30 December 2020)
  
  
• NYTimes: U.S. Diet Guidelines Sidestep Scientific Advice to Cut Sugar and Alcohol -- The New York Times (29 December 2020)
  
  
• The Worst Grocery Store Item of 2020, According to a Nutritionist -- Yahoo!life (24 December 2020)
  
  
• Reviving a Crop and an African-American Culture, Stalk by Stalk -- The New York Times (08 December 2020)
  
  
• World’s Largest Consumer of Sugar Wants People to Eat More -- Bloomberg (01 November 2020)
  
  
• Man dies from eating more than a bag of liquorice a day -- BBCNews (24 September 2020)
  
  
• Which Food Influenced Humanity The Most? (27:04) -- Mental Floss (26 August 2020)
  
  
• Can Artificial Sweeteners Keep Us From Gaining Weight? -- The New York Times (20 August 2020)
  
  
• Mexico state bans sale of sugary drinks and junk food to children -- The Guardian (06 August 2020)
  
  
• Archaeology news: How 9,000-year teeth tell us sugary foods and cavities go hand in hand -- EXPRESS (07 July 2020)
  
  
• John Phipps: COVID-19 Is Taking a Big Bite Out of Sugar Demand -- AgWeb (29 June 2020)
  
  
• 'A shame for the world': Uganda's fragile forest ecosystem destroyed for sugar -- TheGuardian (18 June 2020)
  
  
• Sugar is terrible for you: How to eat less of it -- c|net (05 June 2020)
  
  
• How less sugar can translate into more opportunity -- Bakery and Snacks (12 May 2020)
  
  
• Is sugar really bad for you? -- BBCfuture (30 April 2020)
  
  
• Making sweet food taste sweeter: Could coffee hold the key to sugar reformulation? -- FOODnavigator (23 April 2020)
  
  
• Nestle axes low sugar chocolate due to weak sales -- BBCNews (13 February 2020)
  
  
• Dried Fruit, Oats and Coffee: Answers to Your Sugar Questions -- The New York Times (08 January 2020)
  
  
• The tobacco farmers chasing a sweeter crop [stevia] -- BBCNews (02 January 2020)
  
  
• Make 2020 the Year of Less Sugar: One of the best things you can do for your health is to cut back on foods with added sugar. Our 7-Day Sugar Challenge will show you how. -- The New York Times (30 December 2019)
  
  
• America will import more sugar this year than it has in 4 decades -- MPRNews (11 december 2019)
  
  
• 'Sugar overload' warning for festive hot drinks -- BBCNews (03 December 2019)
  
  
• Norwegian sugar tax sends sweet-lovers over border to Sweden -- The Guardian (23 November 2019)
  
  
• Coca-Cola country in southern Mexico – photo essay -- The Guardian (15 November 2019)
  
  
• The average American eats 17 teaspoons of added sugar daily. It’s killing us -- The Guardian (07 November 2019)
  
  
• In the war on plastic is Coca-Cola friend or foe? -- BBCbusiness (25 October 2019)
  
  
• Sweet spot: Norwegians cut sugar intake to lowest level in 44 years -- The Guardian (20 November 2019)
  
  
• Singapore bans advertising for high-sugar beverages -- Beverage daily (14 October 2019)
  
  
• Dental surgeons urge England's schools to go sugar-free -- BBCnews (15 August 2019)
  
  
• Study: Sugar ruins teeth, rules the world -- MPR News (20 July 2019)
  
  
• Give children 'less sugar and more veg in baby food' -- BBCNews (27 June 2019)
  
  
• It's not just salt, sugar, fat: Study finds ultra-processed foods drive weight gain -- MPR News (16 May 2019)
  
  
• Children 'exceed recommended sugar limit [for an 18-year-old] by age 10' -- BBCNews (03 January 2019)
  
  
• Teen baked her grandfather's ashes into sugar cookies and brought them to school, police say -- Los Angeles Times (16 October 2018)
  
  
• How much sugar you're REALLY eating for breakfast -- Daily Mail Online (03 October 2018)
  
  
• Is sugar really bad for you? -- BBCfuture (19 September 2018)
  
  
• The sugar that saturates the merican diet has a barbaric history as the ‘white gold’ that fueled slavery -- The New York Times Magazine (14 August 2019)
  
  
• Are sweeteners healthier than sugar? -- BBCNews (23 May 2018)
  
  
• The hidden healing power of sugar -- BBCfuture (30 March 2018)
  
  
• A blueberry muffin 'could have day's worth of sugar' -- BBCNews (22 March 2018)
  
  
• How to Stop Eating Sugar -- Smarter living Guides, The New York Times (n.d.)
  
  
• Arab-Islamic Civilization and Sugar: Laying the Foundation of Modern Sweets and World Food Culture -- Chocolate Class (19 March 2018)
  
  
• Guess which apple has a third more sugar -- Daily Mail (15 March 2018)
  
  
• Opinion | Big Sugar Versus Your Body -- The New York Times (11 March 2018)
  
  
• Limit children's snacks to 100 calories, health body says -- BBCNews (02 January 2018)
  
  
• How much sugar is hiding in your food? -- BBCNews (02 January 2018)
  
  
• Do Australians Need a Sugar Intervention? -- Video -- NYTimes (29 December 2017)
  
  
• Kellogg's to cut sugar in kids' cereals by up to 40% -- BBCNews (30 November 2017)
  
  
• Big Soda vs. Public Health: 2017 Edition -- Center for Science in the Public Interest (05 September 2017)
  
  
• Is sugar really as addictive as cocaine? Scientists row over effect on body and brain -- The Guardian (25 August 2017)
  
  
• How do fizzy drinks affect blood sugar? -- BBCfuture (30 June 2017)
  
  
• Should link between dementia and artificial sweeteners be taken with a pinch of salt? -- The Guardian (21 April 2017)
  
  
• First US sugar tax sees soft drink sales fall by almost 10%, study shows -- TheGuardian (18 April 2017)
  
  
• Quebec's maple syrup producers seek global domination -- BBCNews (09 April 2017)
  
  
• The U.K.’s efforts to reduce sugar intake -- Marion Nestle, Food Politics (03 April 2017)
  
  
• Panera Bread Just Sent a Huge Message to All Soda Drinkers -- TheStreet (31 March 2017)
  
  
• Rise in removals of rotting milk teeth fuelled by children's sugary diet -- The Telegraph (21 March 2017)
  
  
• The secret of why we like to eat chocolate -- BBCNews (24 February 2017)
  
  
• The Hunt for the Perfect Sugar -- Fortune (22 February 2017)
  
  
• Mexico's sugar tax leads to fall in consumption for second year running -- The Guardian (22 February 2017)
  
  
• Yotam Ottolenghi: Eat Your Sugar -- TheNewYorkTimes (07 February 2017)
  
  
• Mars bars, KitKats and Dairy Milk chocolates to get smaller in new sugar crackdown -- The Telegraph (05 February 2017)
  
  
• The Mexicans dying for a fizzy drink -- BBCNews (02 February 2017)
  
  
• Free soda: France bans unlimited sugary drink refills -- BBCNews (27 January 2017)
  
  
• Deconstructed Nutella: nuts, cocoa – and 58% sugar -- TheGuardian (20 January 2017)
  
  
• In the Shopping Cart of a Food Stamp Household: Lots of Soda -- The New York Times (13 January 2017)
  
  
• A Month Without Sugar -- TheNewYorkTimes (30 December 2016)
  
  
• The case against sugar: A potent toxin that alters hormones and metabolism, sugar sets the stage for epidemic levels of obesity and diabetes -- Gary Taubes (Aeon, 22 December 2016)
  
  
• Study Tied to Food Industry Tries to Discredit Sugar Guidelines -- The New York Times (19 December 2016)
  
  
• How much is too much? New study casts doubts on sugar guidelines -- MPRNews (19 December 2016)
  
  
• 2016: The year of the sugar tax -- BeverageDaily.com (16 December 2016)
  
  
• Consumer sugar awareness ‘quite limited’: Cargill survey -- FOODnavigator (09 December 2016)
  
  
• Sweet-Toothed Egypt Endures a Sugar Crisis: ‘People Are Going to Snap’: Shortages of sugar, a staple of the national diet, and of other products have led to brewing anger against President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi -- The New York Times (20 October 2016)
  
  
• W.H.O. Urges Tax on Sugary Drinks to Fight Obesity -- The New York Times (11 October 2016)
  
  
• The Shady History of Big Sugar -- The New York Times (16 September 2016)
  
  
• Sugar shocked? The rest of food industry pays for lots of research, too -- MPRNews (14 September 2016)
  
  
• 50 years ago, sugar industry quietly paid scientists to point blame at fat -- MPRNews (13 September 2016)
  
  
• Sugar lobby paid scientists to blur sugar's role in heart disease – report -- The Guardian (12 September 2016)
  
  
• Sugar industry rigged research: It shaped decades of data on its role in heart disease -- StarTribune (12 September 2016)
  
  
• How the Sugar Industry Shifted Blame to Fat -- The New York Times (12 September 2016)
  
  
• Pumpkin spice drinks are gross – but they are sweet reminders of mortality -- The Guardian (03 September 2016)
  
  
• Just the Availability of Meat Causes Obesity, Say Anthropologists -- Science 2.0 (01 August 2016)
  
  
• How to Spot Added Sugars -- Smithsonian (28 July 2016)
  
  
• Want a healthier diet? Then don't believe the hype -- The Guardian (06 July 2016)
  
  
• Smoothies and fruit bars are latest targets in war on sugar -- The Telegraph (03 July 2016)
  
  
• Office cake culture is 'danger to health' -- BBCNews (24 June 2016)
  
  
• What Foods are "Healthy"? -- The Scout Report, July 8, 2016, Volume 22, Number 26
  
  
• The Biggest Industry in the World Just Got Served -- LinkedIn (24 May 2016)
  
  
• FDA Targets Sugar in New Labeling Rules -- Scientific American (20 May 2016)
  
  
• The environmental cost of growing food -- MPRnews (05 May 016)
  
  
• Brain places energy needs over sweet taste: Mouse data -- Will Chu, FoodNavigator (29 March 2016)
  
  
• Why is brown sugar considered safer than the regular sugar? -- Quora (27 March 2016)
  
  
• Caffeine: The World’s Most Popular Drug -- Gastropod (22 March 2016)
  
  
• UK sugar tax: Will soft drinks companies sue the government? -- Food&DrinkEurope (21 March 2016)
  
  
• The Sweet Life of Sidney Mintz -- Sarah Hill, Boston Review (08 March 2016)
  
  
• Paleo-Diet Debates Evolve Into Something Bigger -- Washington Post (07 March 2016)
  
  
• Tracing Slaves to Their African Homelands -- National Geographic News (04 February 2016)
  
  
• WHO report backs sugar tax to halt child obesity -- FOODnavigator (26 January 2016)
  
  
• Sugar tax not ruled out by David Cameron -- BBCNews (07 January 2016)
  
  
• New dietary guidelines crack down on sugar, but red meat gets a pass -- MPRNews (07 January 2016)
  
  
• Cutting sugar in soft drinks by 40% could prevent 300,000 cases of diabetes [in the U.K.]: Study -- FOODnavigator (07 January 2016)
  
  
• Parents urged to get free sugar app to check products -- BBCNews (04 January 2016)
  
  
• Making Sugar Twice as Sweet [DouxMatok] -- Smithsonian (23 December 2015)
  
  
• Sugar-Producing Bacteria To Be Tested in Space as Food Source for Astronauts -- Gizmodo (26 November 2015)
  
  
• In search of the perfect sweetener -- BBCNews (23 November 2015)
  
  
• Placing a Cap on Americans’ Consumption of Added Sugar -- The New York Times (09 November 2015)
  
  
• Cutting sugar from kids’ diets appears to have a beneficial effect in just 10 days -- The Washington Post (28 October 2015)
  
  
• Early human diet explains our eating habits -- Phys.org (31 August 2015)
  
  
• Will fructose follow trans fats’ fate? -- Food&Drink (17 August 2015)
  
  
• Let’s Ask Marion: Can Exercise Balance Out Soda Drinking? -- CivilEats (13 August 2015)
  
  
• The man who turns fizzy drinks into big lollipops -- BBCFuture (13 August 2015)
  
  
• Sugar: Can we trust industry? -- BBCFuture (30 July 2015)
  
  
• Sugary drinks 'harmful even for slim people' -- BBCNews (22 July 2015)
  
  
• Sugary drinks linked to type 2 diabetes regardless of obesity: Meta analysis -- FoodNavigator (22 July 2015)
  
  
• Scientific experts: Sugar intake 'should be halved' -- BBCNews (17 July 2015)
  
  
• Tax sugary drinks by 20%, say doctors -- BBCNews (13 July 2015)
  
  
• How much sugar is hiding in your food? -- Michael Mosley, BBCNews (2015)
  
  
• Why is sugar so addictive? -- BBCNews (22 March 2013)
  
  
• The Secrets of Sugar (documentary film; 2013, 42 min) -- Top Documentary Films
  
  
• Big Sugar (documentary film; 1:29) -- Top Documentary Films
  
  
• Sugar Industry Shaped Federal Research On Cavities, Documents Show -- International Business Times (10 March 2015)
  
  
• How Sugar Lobbying Influenced U.S. Government-Funded Research -- PacificStandard (10 March 2015)
  
  
• U.N. to world: Eat less sugar -- MPRNews (04 March 2012)
  
  
• Is Sugar in Fruit Different Than Sugar in Soda? -- University of California (30 December 2014)
  
  
• Is fast food making us depressed? -- BBC (26 August 2014)
  
  
• 5 Unhealthy Foods Engineered to Be Addictive -- Martha Rosenberg, Hungry for Change (10 July 2014)
  
  
• Taxing Sugar to Fund a City -- Mark Bittman, The New York Times (25 May 2016)
  
  
• Schmidt, Laura A. "New Unsweetened Truths About Sugar." JAMA internal medicine 174, no. 4 (2014): 525-526.
  
  
• By any other name, does Vermont's maple syrup taste as sweet? -- MPRNews (31 March 2014)
  
  
• WHO: Sugar intake 'should be halved' -- BBCNews (05 March 2014)
  
  
• Sugar tax may be needed, MPs told -- BBCNews (05 March 2014)
  
  
• Q&A: How much sugar should we eat? -- BBCNews (05 March 2014)
  
  
• What sugar does to your body -- BBCNews (05 March 2014)
  
  
• Five foods surprisingly high in sugar -- BBCNews (05 March 2014)
  
  
• Fat in, sugar out: Label creates new food hierarchy -- BBCNews (28 February 2014)
  
  
• Sweet tooth gone bad: Why 22 teaspoons of sugar per day is risky -- MPRNews (05 February 2014)
  
  
• 5 Ways Our Cavemen Instincts Get the Best of Us -- LiveScience (12 November 2013)
  
  
• Which country has the largest confectionery aisles? -- Oliver Nieburg, Confectionary News (06 June 2013)
  
  
• US Senate rejects end to sugar industry aid -- MPRNews (23 May 2013)
  
  
• Amidst a bucolic New England backdrop, the maple syrup industry is going high-tech -- The Scout Report, April 5, 2013 -- Volume 19, Number 14.
  
  
• Why Is Sugar So Addictive? -- BBC News (22 March 2013)
  
  
• How much sugar is hiding in your food? -- BBC News (22 March 2013)
  
  
• Michael Moss, Salt Sugar Fat
  
  
  • Michael Moss on 'Salt Sugar Fat,' how we got so addicted -- MPRNews (01 March 2013)
    
    
  • Book pick: 'Salt Sugar Fat' by Michael Moss -- MPRNews (26 February 2013)
    
    
  • The Extraordinary Science of Addictive Junk Food -- MICHAEL MOSS, The New York Times (20 February 2013)
    
    
  • Moss, Michael. Salt Sugar Fat: How the Food Giants Hooked Us. Random House, 2013.

     

  • How Sweet It Is, [a review of] ‘Salt Sugar Fat', by Michael Moss -- DAVID KAMP, The New York Times (15 March 2013)
    
    
• Hungary Tries a Dash of Taxes to Promote Healthier Eating Habits -- The New York Times (02 March 2013)
  
  
• Sugar tax needed, say US experts -- BBC News (22 March 2013)
  
  
• It's the Sugar, Folks -- Mark Bittman, The New York Times (27 February 2013)
  

From The Scout Report, University of Wisconsin-Madison
(27 June 2008)

Children's sweet tooth explained -- BBCNews (24 March 2009)

Florida moves to buy out U.S. Sugar Corporation in order to aid Everglades restoration

State pursues sugar buyout to aid Glades
http://www.miamiherald.com/457/story/580786.html

Swamped by developers, but now there is hope for the Everglades
http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/swamped-by-developers-but-now-there-is-hope-for-the-everglades-853531.html

Land Deal Would Help Restore Everglades [Real Player]
http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=91853812

Sugar would stay plentiful, pricey
http://www.tampabay.com/news/business/agriculture/article642351.ece

Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan [pdf, Macromedia Flash Player]
http://www.evergladesplan.org/

The Everglades Digital Library [pdf]
http://cwis.fcla.edu/edl/

Restoring the Everglades has been an uphill battle for decades. A new phase in the battle to save the Everglades may have started this past Tuesday, when the state of Florida effectively bought out the United States Sugar Corporation, which happens to be the nation's largest sugarcane producer. At a press conference, Florida Governor Charlie Crist said, "I can envision no better gift to the Everglades, the people of Florida and the people of America-as well as our planet-than to place in public ownership this missing link that represents the key to true restoration." As part of the deal, U.S. Sugar will receive $1.75 billion from the state and they will turn over 187,000 acres immediately north of Everglades National Park along with other pieces of infrastructure. As this process is completed over the coming years, the natural flow of water will be restored to the area, effectively adding about a million acre-feet of water storage. There are plenty of details to be worked out, but the atmosphere surrounding this recent announcement remains one of true excitement. The mood might be best summarized by Margaret McPherson, vice president of the Everglades Foundation, who remarked, "I'm going to do cartwheels." [KMG]

The first link will lead visitors to an article on this recent transaction from this Tuesday's Miami Herald. The second link leads to another piece on the subject from the Independent's Leonard Doyle writing from Washington, DC. Moving on, the third link leads to a National Public Radio feature on the sale of U.S. Sugar. The fourth link leads to an investigative report from this Wednesday's St. Petersburg Times which examines how this sale might affect the price of sugar. For those who would like to know more about the Everglades Restoration plan, the fifth link contains numerous publications, fact sheets, and interactive activities on this long-term process. Finally, the last link leads to the Everglades Digital Library, which was developed using the Collection Workflow Integration System (CWIS), a free software package created by the Internet Scout Project. [KMG]

• Abbott, Elizabeth. Sugar: A Bittersweet History. Penguin Canada, 2008. Overlook, 2010.
  
  
• Agave: Nectar of the Gods? -- Rami Nagel (2 April 2009)
  
  
• Agave Syrup May Not Be So Simple -- Laura Johannes, Wall Street Journal (27 October 2009)
  
  
• Agave vs. Granular Sugars -- All About Agave
  
  
• Agriculture and Environment: Sugarcane -- WWF
  
  
• Asian sugar farmers fear prices may fall on over supply -- BBCNews (16 August 2011)
  
  
• The Atkins Family in Cuba: A Photograph Exhibit -- Massachusetts Historical Society
  
  
• Beahrs, Andrew. Twain's Feast: Searching for America's Lost Foods in the Footsteps of Samuel Clemens, NY: Penguin, 2010. [maple syrup]
  
  
• Children's sweet tooth explained -- BBCNews (24 March 2009)
  
  
• City of Sugar Museum -- Madeira Island
  
  
• Curtis, Wayne. And a Bottle of Rum: A History of the New World in Ten Cocktails. NY: Three Rivers, 2007.
  
  
• Dean, Don Howard. The American Cane Mill: A History of the Machines, the Manufacturers, Sugar Cane and Sorghum. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2010.
  
  
• The Dessert Dictionary Project -- Sweet Invention
  
  
• Eagleston, Janet, and Rosemary Hasner. The Maple Syrup Book. Boston: Boston Mills, 2006.
  
  
• Ethical Sugar NGO -- specialized on social, communitarian and environmental sugarcane issues
  
  
• Evolution: Sugar Helped Separate Human Ancestors From Apes' -- ABC News (12 October 2011)
  |
  
• Food and Behavior Research -- Alex Richardson
  
  
• Galloway, J.H. The Sugar Cane Industry: An Historical Geography from its Origins to 1914. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.
  
  
• Great Western Sugar Digital Collection -- Colorado State University
  
  
• Guarapo, the new lemonade -- Ariel Safdie, Colombia Reports (26 March 2012)
  
  
• Hobhouse, Henry. Seeds of Change: Six Plants That Transformed Mankind Reprint Edition. Counterpoint, 2005.
  
  
• How sugar affects the brain -- Nicole Avena
  
  
• How Sugar Changed the World -- LiveScience (02 June 2008)
  
  
• How we became addicted to sugar -- BBC HISTORY (26 NOVEMBER 2012)
  
  
• International Sugar Statistics -- Illovo Sugar
  
  
• Introduction of Sugar to Sicily -- Clifford A. Wright
  
  
• Jurafsky, Dan. The Language of Food: A Linguist Reads the Menu. NY: Norton, 2014.
  
  
• Kessler, David. The End of Overeating: Taking Control of the Insatiable American Appetite. Rodale, 2009.
  [Such foods he argues, artfully layer fat on sugar on salt on fat (I've begun to see this as an acronymn--FOS/SOF or more musically "Frankenfoods") to release the brain chemical dopamine, leading to a kind of "conditioned hypereating." -- RH]
  
  
• Lawrence, Felicity. Eat Your Heart Out: Why the Food Business is Bad for the Planet and Your Health. London: Penguin Books, 2008.
  
  
• Lawrence, Felicity. Not on the Label: What Really Goes into The Food on Your Plate, Revised Edition. London: Penguin Books, 2013.
  
  
• Lustig, Robert H. Fat Chance: Beating the Odds Against Sugar, Processed Food, Obesity, and Disease. Hudson Street, 2012.
  
  
• Maple Recipe Collection -- Center for Digital Initiatives, University of Vermont Library
  
  
• Macinnis, Peter. Bittersweet: The Story of Sugar. Allen & Unwin, 2002.
  
  
• McQuaid, John. Tasty: The Art and Science of What We Eat. NY: Scribner, 2015.
  
  
• Mazumdar, Sucheta. Sugar and Society in China: Peasants, Technology, and the World Market. Harvard University Asia Center, 1998.
  
  
• Mintz, Sidney W. Sweetness and Power: The Place of Sugar in Modern History. NY: Penguin, 1986.
  
  
• Nestle, Marion. Soda Politics: Taking on Big Soda (and Winning). Oxford University Press, 2015.
  

• Newman, Kara. The Secret Financial Life of Food: From Commodities Markets to Supermarkets. Columbia University Press, 2012.
  
  
• Not So Sweet - The Average American Consumes 150-170 Pounds of Sugar Each Year -- Jennifer M. Regan, Ezine
  
  
• Parker, Matthew. The Sugar Barons: Family, Corruption, Empire, and War in the West Indies. Walker, 2011.
  
  
• Perlmutter, David and Kristin Loberg. Grain Brain: The Surprising Truth about Wheat, Carbs, and Sugar--Your Brain's Silent Killer. NY: Little, Brown and Company, 2013.
  
  
• Pollan, Michael. Cooked: A Natural History of Transformation. NY: Penguin, 2013.
  
  
• Schatzker, Mark. The Dorito Effect: The Surprising New Truth About Food and Flavor. NY: Simon & Schuster, 2015.
  
  
• Sexual Selection by Sugar Molecule Helped Determine Human Origins, Researchers Say -- Science Daily (11 October 2011)
  
  
• Simon, Michele. Appetite for Profit: How the Food Industry Undermines Our Health, and How to Fight Back. NY: Nation/Avalon Publishing Co., 2006.
  
  
• Sugar -- J.H. Galloway, Cambridge World HIstory of Food
  
  
• Sugar -- Cook's Thesaurus
  
  
• Sugar and Slavery: Molasses to Rum to Slaves -- Jean M. West, History of Slavery in America
  
  
• Sugar and the Visual Imagination in the Atlantic World circa. 1600-1800. -- The John Carter Brown Library, Brown University. Accessed July 5, 2020. https://www.brown.edu/Facilities/John_Carter_Brown_Library/exhibitions/sugar/pages/eden.html
  
  
• Sugar: Hiding in plain sight -- Robert Lustig
  
  
• Sugar: The Bitter Truth (1:29:28) -- UCtelevision
  
  
• Sugar Cane: Lecture 21 -- Tropical Horticulture, Center for New Crops & Plant Products, Purdue University
  
  
• Sugar History -- Nordic Sugar
  
  
• Sugar Knowledge International (SKIL)
  
  
• Taubes, Gary. The case against sugar: A potent toxin that alters hormones and metabolism, sugar sets the stage for epidemic levels of obesity and diabetes. NY: Knopf, 2016.
  
  
  • The case against sugar: A potent toxin that alters hormones and metabolism, sugar sets the stage for epidemic levels of obesity and diabetes -- Gary Taubes (Aeon, 22 December 2016)
    
    
• Tax food makers' caloric sweetener use to reduce consumption, study suggests -- FoodNavigator-USA (6 December 2011)
  
  
• Toussaint-Samat, Maguelonne. A History of Food. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons/Blackwell 2009.
  
  
• Twitty, Michael W. The Cooking Gene: A Journey Through African American Culinary History in the Old South. NY: HarperCollins, 2017.




• USDA Economic Research Service
  • Briefing Rooms
    • Sugar & Sweetners
      • Recommended Data
  • Crops
    • Sugar & Sweeteners
      
      
• Utilizing the Native Labor Force -- Christopher Columbus, 1492, Digital History
  
  
• Watson, Andrew M. "The Arab Agricultural Revolution and Its Diffusion, 700-1100." The Journal of Economic History, Vol. 34, No. 1, Mar., 1974, 8-35. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/2116954>
  
  
• Why is sugar so enticing? -- BBCNews (21 April 2011)
  
  
• Woloson, Wendy A. Refined Tastes: Sugar, Confectionery, and Consumers in Nineteenth-Century America. The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2002.
  
  
• Yudkin, John. Sweet and Dangerous: The New Facts About the Sugar You Eat as a Cause of Heart Disease, Diabetes, and Other Killers. The University of Michigan Press, 1972. [Note: Check book reviews on this title.] Pure, White and Deadly. National Health Federation, 1978; Penguin Books 1988.