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Ancient Middle America

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Ancient Middle America Course Information

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Sunday, 17-Nov-2024 22:19:07 GMT

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Timeline and Stages (Periods)

stages class handout
(as defined by various authors)

Hunting / Gathering	Preclassic	Classic	Postclassic
Archaic Lithic	Late Middle Early	Terminal Late Early	Late Early

Other Mesoamerican Time Lines

Other Time Lines on the WorldWide Web

Much of Ancient Middle America involves looking at various cultures, stages, and sites.
For specifics, please see the text books.

Prehistoric Mesoamerica Time Line¹ Maps: \| Mexico \| Guatemala \| Belize \| El Salvdor \| Honduras \| Nicaragua \| Costa Rica\| Other Maps \|
Dates	Periods	Significant Developments	Major Culture(s)	Major Sites / Phases
A.D. 1521	Spanish Conquest -- fall of Tenochtitlán
A.D. 1521 – 1200	Late Post-Classic	Aztec Triple Alliance formed	Aztec Empire Mixtec states	Tenochtitlán Mayapán Tulum Mitla Monte Albán V Yagul
A.D. 1400 – 1200	Middle Post-Classic	rise of the Aztec empire "Feudal" states	"Chichimecs"	"Chichimecs"
A.D. 1200	Aztecs reach Valley of Mexico
A.D. 1200 – 900	Early Post-Classic	widespread militarism Toltec states	Toltec	Tula (burnt 1156 or 1168) "Toltec" Chichén Itzá
A.D. 1200 – 900	Early Post-Classic	North and Central Gulf	"Totonac"?	El Tajín (burnt ca. 1200)
ca. A.D. 925	Toltec arrive in Yucatán

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A.D.
925
–
800

Terminal
Classic

Classic Maya collapse,
Putún ascendancy

Chichén Itzá

A.D.
900
–
600

Bonampak murals

height of Maya civilization

reign of Pacal at Palenque

"Totonac"?

Monte Albán IV

Monte Albán III-B

El Tajín
(Veracruz)

Remojadas
(Veracruz)

Puuc

ca.
A.D.
700
-
650

Fall of Teotihuacán

A.D.
600
–
150 / 250

height of Teotihuacán domination and influence

Teotihuacános

Teotihuacán III

Maya

Copán
(Yax K'uk Mo')

Tikal
(Petén)

Uaxactún
(Petén)

Monte Albán IIIb

Kaminal-
juyú
(highland)
Esperanza phase

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A.D.
150 / 250

A.D.

B.C.

400
B.C.

"Late
Preclassic"
(Formative)

"urban revolution"

new social class divisions

building of Pyramid of Sun and city planning at Teotihuacán

Massive pyramid-building in Mayan lowands

spread of Izapan civilization, calendar, writing

Isthmian script

invention of the Long Count calendar

"Epi-Olmec"

La Mojarra

Teotihuacán I - II
(Tzacualli?)

Early Remojadas

Chupícuaro

Cuicuilco
(A.D. 150 destroyed by volcano)

Monte Albán II - IIIa

Izapan styles

Santa Clara

Chikanel

Kaminaljuyú
Miraflores Phase

Ticomán

400
–
1,200
B.C.

"Middle
Preclassic
(Formative)

construction of Monte Albán

first writing at San José Mogote

spread of La Venta Olmec influence

Earliest lowland Maya villages

"Olmec"

Monte Albán I

Zacatenco

Chalcatzingo

Mamon

Conchas

El Arbolillo

Xe

1,200
–
1,800
B.C.

Early
Preclassic
(Formative)

Early Olmec influence on Pacific Coast
(spread of San Lorenzo Olmec influence)

Early Olmec civilization at San Lorenzo

beginnings of social stratification

origins of farming village life, pottery, figurines

"Pre-Olmec"

San Lorenzo
(Veracruz)

San José Mogote

Cuadros

Ocós

Barra

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ca.
1,800

origins of village life, pottery, figurines

". . . The Preclassic period is quite comparable to the Neolithic
of the Old World. . . . " (Coe, Mexico, 1994, p. 41)

ca.
1,800
–
ca.
7,000
B.C.

incipient agriculture

some signs of fixed settlement

extinction of many animals

"Desert Culture"
(North America)

Tehuacán
Purrón Phase?
Abejas Phase
Coxcàtlan Phase
El Riego Phase

Santa Marta

Tamaulipas caves and rockshelters

Oaxaca Archaic

Belize Archaic
(e.g., Cuello)

ca.
7,000
–
ca.
13,000 ??
B.C.

Early Hunters

(Paleo-Indian)

("Lithic")

big game hunting

nomadic foraging

fishing

Early Hunters

Tehuacán -- Ajuereado

Tamaulipas -- Diablo

Tamaulipas -- La Perra

Sta. Isabel Iztapan

Tepexpán

Tequixquiac

Tlapacoya

Valsequillo

¹After Willey, Gordon R., and Philip Phillips. Method and Theory in American Archaeology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1958. And "Chronological Table of Mesoamerican Archaeology," by David K. Jordan.

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