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Archaeological Periods
in American Archaeology

(as defined by various authors)

(Correlations are only approximate)

For more detailed information see

Detailed Mesoamerican Time Line and Stages (Periods)
(commonly accepted stages and stage criteria)

Stage Diagram from Mexico: From the Olmecs to the Aztecs, 5th ed.

scanned version

to top of page / A-Z index

Approx. Time	Coe1	Willey and Phillips2	Older Clasification	Steward3	Krieger4
A.D. 1521	Spanish Conquest			Industrial Revolution Iron-Age Culture
A.D. 900	Postclassic ~ Late ~ Early	Postclassic	Postclassic	Cyclical Conquests Dark Ages
A.D. 150/250	Classic (Epiclassic /) ~ Terminal ~ Late ~ Early	Classic	Classic	Inital Conquest Regional Florescence	Urban Life
A.D. B.C.   ca. 1800 B.C.	Preclassic ~ Late ~ Middle ~ Early	Formative	Preclassic       ("Early Hunters") ("Paleo-Indian") ("Lithic")	Formative	Food Producing
				Incipient Agriculture	Food Gathering
ca. 7000 B.C.	Archaic	Archaic		Hunting and Gathering	Paleo- Indian ("Paleo- American")
13,000 B.C.?	Early Hunters	Lithic			Lower Lithic? or Early Percussion?

¹After Coe, Michael D., and Rex Koontz. Mexico: From the Olmecs to the Aztecs, 5th ed.. New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 2002.

²Willey, Gordon R., and Philip Phillips. Method and Theory in American Archaeology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1958.

³Steward, Julian H. "Cultural Causality and Law: A Trial of the Development of Early Civilizations," American Anthropologist. 51, 1-25.

⁴Krieger, Alex D. "New World Culture History: Anglo-American," in Anthropology Today, ed. A.L. Kroeber, pp. 238-64. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

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