The Biology and Management of Wild Ruminants is a 7 part book series that summarizes what was known about wild ruminants through the 1980’s. The book series includes results of literature searches on each topic in the books. Each page in the book is reproduced below.
Introduction to Biology and Management of Wild Ruminants (489 KB PDF)
Download entire Part 1 (6 mB PDF)
Introduction to Part I (311 KB PDF)
Chapter 1. Physical Characteristics
- Introduction (53 KB PDF)
- Topic 1. Mass, Weight, and Growth (1.4mB PDF)
- Topic 2. Geometry (664 KB PDF)
- Topic 3. Systems Characteristics (1.6mB PDF)
Chapter 2. Organs, Glands, Chemical Composition, and Genetic Characteristics
- Introduction (90 KB PDF)
- Topic 1. Characteristics of Organs and Glands (1.25 mB PDF)
- Topic 2. Chemical Characteristics (504 KB PDF)
- Topic 3. Genetic Characteristics (365 KB PDF)
Download entire Part II (7.4 mB PDF)
Introduction to Part II (418 KB PDF)
Chapter 3. Senses, Communications, and the Use of Space
- Introduction (315 KB PDF)
- Topic 1. Senses (758 KB PDF)
- Topic 2. Communications (524 KB PDF)
- Topic 3. The Use of Space (1.1 mB PDF)
Chapter 4. Activities and Patterns
- Introduction (274 KB PDF)
- Topic 1. Categories of Activities (840 KB PDF)
- Topic 2. Activity Locations and Times (909 KB PDF)
Chapter 5. Interactions Within and Between Species
- Introduction (266 KB PDF)
- Topic 1. Intraspecific Interactions (963 KB PDF)
- Topic 2. Interspecies Interactions (1.2 mB PDF)
Download entire Part III (11.5 mB PDF)
Introduction to Part III (250 KB PDF)
Chapter 6. Systems Physiology
- Introduction (131 KB PDF)
- Topic 1. Gastrointestinal System Functions (733 KB PDF)
- Topic 2. Cardiovascular System Functions (705 KB PDF)
- Topic 3. Respiratory System Functions (156 KB PDF)
- Topic 4. Reproductive System Functions (627 KB PDF)
- Topic 5. Excretory System Functions (180 KB PDF)
- Topic 6. Skeletal System Functions (160 KB PDF)
- Topic 7. Muscular System Functions (156 KB PDF)
- Topic 8. Nervous System Functions (598 KB PDF)
Chapter 7. Energy Metabolism of Wild Ruminants
- Introduction (213 KB PDF)
- Topic 1. Factors Affecting Energy Metabolism (745 KB PDF)
- Topic 2. Measurements of Energy Metabolism (369 KB PDF)
- Topic 3. Estimates of Energy Costs for Production (561 KB PDF)
- Topic 4. Estimates of the Energy Costs of Activities (557 KB PDF)
- Topic 5. Vital Sign: Metabolism Relationships (365 KB PDF)
- Topic 6. Ecological Metabolism (655 KB PDF)
Chapter 8. Protein Metabolism of Wild Ruminants
- Introduction (143 KB PDF)
- Topic 1. Factors Affecting Protein Metabolism (303 KB PDF)
- Topic 2. Measurements of Protein Metabolism (233 KB PDF)
- Topic 3. Estimates of Protein Costs for Maintenance and Production (823 KB PDF)
Chapter 9. Mineral, Water, and Vitamin Metabolism of Wild Ruminants
- Introduction (78 KB PDF)
- Topic 1. Mineral Metabolism (360 KB PDF)
- Topic 2. Water Metabolism (188 KB PDF)
- Topic 3. Vitamin Metabolism (197 KB PDF)
Chapter 10. Factors Affecting the Physiology and Metabolism of Wild Ruminants
- Introduction (82 KB PDF)
- Topic 1. Parasites, Diseases, and Abnormalities (1.5 MB PDF)
- Topic 2: Natural and Introduced Toxins (201 KB PDF)
- Topic 3: Drug Effects, Serology, and Physical Restraining Devices (504 KB PDF)
Download entire Part IV (10 mB PDF)
Introduction to Part IV (208 KB PDF)
Chapter 11. Forage Characteristics and the Digestibility of Plant Tissue
- Introduction (328 KB PDF)
- Topic 1. Cell Characteristics and Digestibilities (672 KB PDF)
- Topic 2. Chemical Characteristics (4 MB PDF)
- Topic 3. Diet Digestibilities (1.3 MB PDF)
Chapter 12. Forage Consumption by Wild Ruminants
- Introduction (160 KB PDF)
- Topic 1. Food Habits and Preferences (754 KB PDF)
- Topic 2. Observed Forage Consumption and Passage Rates (246 KB PDF)
- Topic 3. Calculations of Forage Required, Energy Base (504 KB PDF)
- Topic 4. Calculations of Forage Required, Protein Base (332 KB PDF)
- Topic 5. Calculations of Forage Required, Mineral Base (303 KB PDF)
Chapter 13. Primary Production and Forage for Wild Ruminants
- Introduction (158 KB PDF)
- Topic 1. Primary Production and Forage in Different Plant Communities (983 KB PDF)
- Topic 2. Forage Production Responses to Different Ecological Perturbations (651 KB PDF)
Download entire Part V (9.1 mB PDF)
Introduction to Part V (228 KB PDF)
Chapter 14. Meteorology and Thermal Characteristics of the Range
- Introduction (193 KB PDF)
- Topic 1. Radiant Energy (401 KB PDF)
- Topic 2. Temperature Patterns and Barometric Pressure (578 KB PDF)
- Topic 3. Wind Characteristics (500 KB PDF)
- Topic 4. Atmospheric Humidity (295 KB PDF)
- Topic 5. Precipitation (897 KB PDF)
Chapter 15. Thermal Characteristics and Basic Heat Transfer
- Introduction (131 KB PDF)
- Topic 1. Radiation Exchange (700 KB PDF)
- Topic 2. Convection (303 KB PDF)
- Topic 3. Conduction (434 KB PDF)
- Topic 4. Evaporation (446 KB PDF)
Chapter 16. Thermal Energy Balance Calculations
- Introduction (183 KB PDF)
- Topic 1. Summations (881 KB PDF)
- Topic 2. Overall Heat Transfer Coefficients (561 KB PDF)
- Topic 3. Thermoregulation (840 KB PDF)
Chapter 17. Range Appraisals and Evaluations of Animal Responses
- Introduction (127 KB PDF)
- Topic 1. Appraisal of Seasonal Range Conditions (831 KB PDF)
- Topic 2. Evaluations of Seasonal Animal Responses (1.2 MB PDF)
Download entire Part VI (6.8 mB PDF)
Introduction to Part VI (244 KB PDF)
Chapter 18. Population Estimates and Structures
- Introduction (106 KB PDF)
- Topic 1. Population Estimates (844 KB PDF)
- Topic 2. Population Structures (1.6 MB PDF)
Chapter 19. Population Rates and Predictions
- Introduction (147 KB PDF)
- Topic 1. Age-Related Reproductive and Mortality Rates (627 KB PDF)
- Topic 2. Weight-Related Reproductive and Mortality Rates (426 KB PDF)
- Topic 3. Indices of Natality and Mortality Rates (238 KB PDF)
- Topic 4. Population Predictions (524 KB PDF)
- Topic 5. Evaluations of Factors Affecting Net Population Growth (1.3 MB PDF)
Chapter 20. Calculations of Carrying Capacity
- Introduction (175 KB PDF)
- Topic 1. Forage Resources (831 KB PDF)
- Topic 2. Space Resources (295 KB PDF)
Download entire Part VII (7.9 mB PDF)
Introduction to Part VII (276 KB PDF)
Chapter 21. Management of Wild Ruminant Habitats
- Introduction (234 KB PDF)
- Topic 1. Politically-Defined Land Areas (299 KB PDF)
- Topic 2. Habitat Management Areas (590 KB PDF)
- Topic 3. Habitat Management Practices (1 MB PDF)
- Topic 4. Commercial Priorities (709 KB PDF)
Chapter 22. Biologically-Based Species Management
- Introduction (348 KB PDF)
- Topic 1. Sustained Yield (492 KB PDF)
- Topic 2. Harvest Reports (307 KB PDF)
- Topic 3. Specific Population Manipulations (905 KB PDF)
Chapter 23. Improper Range Use
- Introduction (147 KB PDF)
- Topic 1. Overpopulation Effects (279 KB PDF)
- Topic 2. The Protectionist Approach (479 KB PDF)
Chapter 24. Sociological and Economic Considerations
- Introduction (89 KB PDF)
- Topic 1. Sociological Considerations (455 KB PDF)
- Topic 2. Economic Considerations (590 KB PDF)
Chapter 25. Research Needs
- Introduction (99 KB PDF)
- Topic 1. Biological Research Needs (520 KB PDF)
- Topic 2. Sociological Research Needs (279 KB PDF)
- Topic 3. Economic Research Needs (319 KB PDF)