BIOLOGY 4501                                 GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY

Midterm Examination - PRACTICE

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (3 points each) Note: More than one answer can be correct. Circle all correct answers.

1. What chemicals are responsible for the flavor and holes in Swiss cheese?

2. What groups listed below have true cell walls?

3. Which of the following are not found in cyanobacteria?

4. Phagocytosis is not a characteristic of which groups?

5. The cytoplasmic membrane of eubacteria contains:

6. Who accidentally identified the antimicrobial action of penicillin?

7. Which of the following are not examples of a terminal electron acceptor in anaerobic respiration?

8. Ribosomes associated with cells or organelles have a certain size which is expressed in Svedberg units. Which associations are incorrect?

9. Match the following terms (1-6) with their respective meanings (A-F).

     1. fermentation     A. carbon from organic compounds 
     2. respiration      B. carbon from CO2 
     3. autotroph        C. oxidative phosphorylation 
     4. lithotroph       D. substrate-level phosphorylation 
     5. heterotroph      E. energy from oxidation of inorganic compounds 
     6. phototroph       F. energy from light

ÝÝÝ The proper combination is:

     A. 1A-2B-3E-4F-5C-6D      C. 1D-2C-3B-4E-5A-6F 
     B. 1D-2C-3A-4B-5E-6F      D. 1C-2A-3B-4E-5F-6D

10. Which photosynthetic pigments are found in all prokaryotic and eukaryotic photoautotrophs?

11. NAD and FAD are hydrogen carriers, but cytochromes are electron carriers in bacteria. What happens to the protons (H+) in electron transport chains?

17. The Calvin cycle:

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (5-10 points each)

1. List the similarities and diffences between passive diffusion and facilitated diffusion.


2. Which autotrophic processes are known to produce the organic matter that supports whole ecosystems? Give an equation for each process and underline the electron donor.


3. Explain the structure and symmetry of eubacterial cytoplasmic membranes as suggested by the Fluid Mosaic Model. List the biochemicals that are present in or attached to the cytoplasmic membranes of microorganisms.


4. Name four reserve materials synthesized by microorganisms and note which microbial groups use them as their primary storage product.


5. List the principle differences (ie. structure, anchoring, motion) between prokaryotic and eukaryotic flagella.

6. What is the outcome of photorespiration in algae? What Calvin cycle enzyme plays a central role in this process? Name three conditions that promote photorespiration in photoautotrophs.

ESSAY QUESTION (20 points) Answer all parts of one of the following questions completely.

1. (A) Diagram a Gram positive and Gram negative bacterial cell wall. (B) Demonstrate the differences in the chemical structure of these two types of bacterial cell walls. (C) Where and when does penicillin affect bacterial cells? (D) Explain how autolysins affect the cell walls of Gram negative bacteria and mycoplasmas.

OR

2. (A) Explain the ways in which aerobic respiration and fermentation processes are different. (B) Name the three phases of aerobic respiration and give the starting materials and end products of each phase. (C) Describe a difference in the glycolysis pathways of bacteria and eukaryotic microorganisms. (D) How does a bacterium use an electrochemical (eg. H+) gradient to generate ATP?

OR

3. (A) Give the electron donors, acceptors, and the carbon source for aerobic and anaerobic photoautotrophy. (B) Describe three differences between the light reactions of aerobic and anaerobic photosynthesis. (C) Explain the difference between aerobic photoautotrophy and aerobic chemoautotrophy. (D) Give an equation and the electron donor and acceptor for a type of chemoautotrophy.