[webdev] Web Design Update: November 28, 2006
Laura Carlson
lcarlson at d.umn.edu
Tue Nov 28 06:16:34 CST 2006
+++ WEB DESIGN UPDATE.
- Volume 5, Issue 23, November 28, 2006.
An email newsletter to distribute news and information about web design
and development.
++ISSUE 23 CONTENTS.
SECTION ONE: New references.
What's new at the Web Design Reference site?
http://www.d.umn.edu/goto/webdesign/
New links in these categories:
01: ACCESSIBILITY.
02: CASCADING STYLE SHEETS.
03: COLOR.
04: EVALUATION & TESTING.
05: EVENTS.
06: JAVASCRIPT.
07: MISCELLANEOUS.
08: NAVIGATION.
09: PHP.
10: STANDARDS, GUIDELINES & PATTERNS.
11: TOOLS.
12: TYPOGRAPHY.
13: USABILITY.
14: XML.
SECTION TWO:
15: What Can You Find at the Web Design Reference Site?
[Contents ends.]
++ SECTION ONE: New references.
+01: ACCESSIBILITY.
Designing Forms for Keyboard Access
By Sarah Horton.
"Forms are what make web communication a dialogue rather than a
monologue. Through forms, we converse-we pose questions, make requests,
tell about ourselves. To engage in a web-based conversation, we must be
able to fill out and submit forms. Otherwise, we're back to a
monologue, and what fun is that?..."
http://www.informit.com/guides/content.asp?g=webdesign&seqNum=243&rl=1
Implicit and Explicit Form Label Test
By Trevor Morris.
"Does simply having the for attribute constitute explicit association?
Or does nesting an input within a label mean an implicit association?"
http://www.trovster.com/form-label.php
Designing Data Tables
By Sarah Horton.
"In this article, I take a fresh look at table design, covering both
the challenges of working within the constraints of the screen and the
markup that can be used to help provide table structure."
http://www.informit.com/guides/content.asp?g=webdesign&seqNum=295&rl=1
Designing Accessible Audio
By Sarah Horton.
"...Accessible audio is a perfect illustration of the broad benefits of
universal design because access to equivalent text is helpful for
everyone. A text transcript can be read and indexed by software, making
audio- and video-based content easier to find. Users who have technical
issues with Web-based media (slow Internet access, software
incompatibilities, and so on) can access the information via the text
transcript. Also, a text transcript is an effective way to convey
information, and may be more efficient than audio alone, since reading
is faster than listening-meaning that people reading a transcript may
understand the information better and faster. So how do you go about
putting into text the information contained in an audio recording? Keep
reading to find out, and to learn what to do with a transcript once you
have one..."
http://www.informit.com/guides/content.asp?g=webdesign&seqNum=254&rl=1
Designing Accessible Text-Part 1: Structure
By Sarah Horton.
"Done right, web text has layers of meaning that are not visible on the
page. With its roots in text encoding and Standard Generalized Markup
Language (SGML), Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) offers designers a
basic toolset of structural tags for use in categorizing document
elements. We use these tags to assign significance to particular words
and phrases, including headings, lists, and tables. Web pages with this
functional layer are more than screen deep-they can be read and
interpreted by users who never see the rendered screen. For example, we
commonly differentiate page and section headings by using spacing and
typographic emphasis (such as variations in weight, size, color, and
typeface)-but this essential information is accessible only to users
viewing the page. When headings are differentiated in the page code
using heading tags, non-visual users can also gain access to the
information hierarchy of the page..."
http://www.informit.com/guides/content.asp?g=webdesign&seqNum=260&rl=1
Designing Pages for Linear Access
By Sarah Horton.
"...When we talk about web design, we tend to focus on how aspects of
the surface layer affect usability-color, type, layout. In this
article, I look below the surface at how attention to source code
design-specifically, document order-can improve linear access to web
pages..."
http://www.informit.com/guides/content.asp?g=webdesign&seqNum=288&rl=1
WCAG 2 Activity on Cognitive Disability
By Joe Clark.
"This page will act as a repository of documents on the WCAG Working
Group's activities concerning cognitive disability (dyslexia and the
like) under WCAG 2."
http://joeclark.org/access/webaccess/WCAG/cognitive/
How-Tos and Demos
By University of Texas.
"Learn to build accessible forms, images, multimedia, data tables and
more. See (and hear) examples and look at the code."
http://www.utexas.edu/research/accessibility/resource/
Access 2.0 Blog
By Paul Crichton.
"We'll be assessing the latest developments in and outside of the BBC,
raving about the good, railing against the bad and reviling the fugly
along the way. But en route, we'll be looking at real disabled people,
how they use the net, how they want to use the net, and throwing in
things that fascinate and interest us in terms of blue skies accessible
tech thinking for the digital future."
http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/access20/
What's New in JAWS 8.0
By Steve Faulkner.
"JAWS 8 is on its way, which is a good reason to take a look at its new
features..."
http://ability.aol.com/ability/index.php?ID=168&catID=7
User-Center, Standards-Driven Web Accessibility
By Jared Smith.
Jared's Refresh06 conference slides for his presentation are available
in Acrobat and HTML formats.
http://webaim.org/presentations/refresh06
+02: CASCADING STYLE SHEETS.
10 Steps to CSS Success: Browser, User, Author
By Molly Holzschlag.
"CSS is a technical language. But, it's meant to address many aspects
of presentation. In other words, it's a technology for designers-and
therein lies the challenge with those who set out to learn it..."
http://www.informit.com/guides/content.asp?g=webdesign&seqNum=242&rl=1
Like Mother Like Child: A Look at Inheritance in CSS
By Molly Holzschlag.
"That we inherit certain features from our parents is a given. I look
very much like my father did, and my coloring is more like his was as
well. From my mother, I got a head of wild curly hair and my physical
stature. Think for a moment what obvious features you've inherited from
your parents-even your grandparents! If you have children, consider
which features they've inherited, too. If there are any grandparent Web
developers out there, well what a fantastic opportunity to see the
power of inheritance in your family tree!..."
http://www.informit.com/guides/content.asp?g=webdesign&seqNum=247&rl=1
Using Specificity to Resolve Conflicts
By Molly Holzschlag.
"There have been countless times prior to learning about specificity
that I found myself shaking my fist at myself, Web browsers, and at CSS
itself. There I'd be, trying to figure out why a style rule that I'd
checked and checked again wasn't being applied properly..."
http://www.informit.com/guides/content.asp?g=webdesign&seqNum=252&rl=1
Box Model Mastery
By Molly Holzschlag.
"Box Model Mastery takes a look at how to understand the box model,
which is the browser's model as to how it generates boxes for elements.
With CSS, you can then control those boxes by modifying their margins,
borders and padding to obtain space and style as well as move the boxes
around the page..."
http://www.informit.com/guides/content.asp?g=webdesign&seqNum=263&rl=1
Breaking Out of the Box: Using Abstract Thought to Inspire Progressive
Web Design
By Molly Holzschlag.
"The Web standards movement of the past seven years has done a great
deal to promote best practices in how we approach our site designs.
However, the emphasis on code has been extreme: We've had to learn
complex aspects of markup and CSS and while this knowledge has been
critical, it's outside the interest area and even comfort zone of many
designers, who want to focus on what they do best: convey information
visually..."
http://www.informit.com/guides/content.asp?g=webdesign&seqNum=268&rl=1
Transcendent CSS: Creating the Aesthetic Web
By Molly Holzschlag.
"For those folks working with Web standards, particularly CSS, the
road's been a bit of a difficult one. We've faced a lot of challenges
and continue to face them. But there's hope on the horizon, lots of
hope. This hope has emerged from the hard work of many people who are
attempting to transcend the technical problems and create great Web
sites. Our joint goal is to create sites that are structurally sound,
accessible, usable, and designed with aesthetic appeal for multiple
platform use including screen, print, and wherever possible, mobile
devices."
http://www.informit.com/guides/content.asp?g=webdesign&seqNum=276&rl=1
Wake Up and Smell the IE7!
By Simon Griffin.
"In the second part of his series, Simon Griffin delves into the
specifics of what IE7 means for your page content and styling."
http://www.thinkvitamin.com/features/design/wake-up-and-smell-the-ie7/
CSS Rounded Corners 'Roundup'
By Christian Watson.
"This collection of techniques to create boxes with rounded corners
using CSS has become quite popular. The problem now is there are so
many choices it's hard to know which one to choose."
http://www.smileycat.com/miaow/archives/000303.html
Building Your First CSS Site
By Michael Koch.
"Get pointers on how to move from building table-based websites to
building CSS sites..."
http://www.adobe.com/devnet/dreamweaver/articles/first_css.html
Comparison of CSS Layout Engines
By Wikipedia.
"The following tables compare CSS compatibility and support for a
number of layout engines. Please see the individual products' articles
for further information. This article is not all-inclusive or
necessarily up-to-date. Unless otherwise specified in footnotes,
comparisons are based on the stable versions without any add-ons,
extensions or external programs."
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_layout_engines_%28CSS%29
How to Structure Large CSS Files
By Emil Stenstrom.
"Many methods exist to structure your CSS. This article tries to
describe the method I use. I call it the 'Tree method', since it
structures the CSS like...that's right, a tree structure. I want to
stress that it isn't my invention; I just describe and give reasons for
its rules..."
http://friendlybit.com/css/how-to-structure-large-css-files/
Inline Image Quotes
By Natalie Downe.
"I have been meaning to write about this technique for some time now.
The aim is a block quote...with speech marks at the front and
termination of the text but without the nastiness of inline images..."
http://notes.natbat.net/2006/11/21/inineimagequotes/
+03: COLOR.
Designing Accessible Text-Part 3: Color
By Sarah Horton.
"Color is a powerful design tool, and one of the easiest ways to jazz
up a Web site. Color adds visual interest, draws the eye, and
communicates information to the user. On the Web, color is free, with
thousands of colors available at the flick of a hex code. So color is
great! But like all good things, color must be applied with caution.
Designers often over- or misapply color to the point of reducing the
usability of their designs..."
http://www.informit.com/guides/content.asp?g=webdesign&seqNum=277&rl=1
Easy Color Picking on the Mac
By Kevin Hale.
http://particletree.com/notebook/easy-color-picking-on-the-mac/
+04: EVALUATION & TESTING.
Eye-Tracking Studies at Google
By William Slawski.
"Even on a simple level, shouldn't the way someone looks at search
results pages be different if the type of search was for different
purposes? Say, for instance, a navigational search as opposed to an
informational one, or a transactional one?"
http://www.seobythesea.com/?p=365
+05: EVENTS.
Section 508 Monthly Lunch and Learn Sessions
Also participation through a teleconference hook-up.
Washington, D.C. U.S.A.
http://www.access-board.gov/sec508/training.htm
Accessible On-Line Services, A Benefit For All
January 29, 2007.
Paris, France
http://www.braillenet.org/colloques/services/index-en.htm
Engineering Interactive Systems 2007
March 22-24, 2007.
Salamanca, Spain
http://www.se-hci.org/ehci-hcse-dsvis07/call-for-contribution.html
International Conference on Information and Communication Technology
and Accessibility
April 12-14, 2007.
Hammamet, Tunisia
http://www.esstt.rnu.tn/utic/tica2007/
+06: JAVASCRIPT.
Video: Douglas Crockford: 'Advanced JavaScript'.
"...Those who enjoyed Douglas's deep-dive into the DOM may be
interested also in his 'Advanced JavaScript' presentation, now publicly
available on Yahoo..."
http://yuiblog.com/blog/2006/11/27/video-crockford-advjs/
The Re-emergence of JavaScript
By Faruk Ates.
"It's been almost 10 years since the days of "DHTML madness," a time
when the term DHTML-dynamic HTML, referring to JavaScript-was used by
every marketeer jumping in on the booming Internet industry. DHTML was
going to "push the Web forward" and as such, every company that claimed
to use it was likely to receive good amounts of venture capital. Then
the big Internet boom went bust. Over the years that followed,
JavaScript earned itself a terrible reputation. This lousy rep was due
in large part to the countless "plug-and-play" scripts that brought
interaction to Web sites..."
http://www.informit.com/guides/content.asp?g=webdesign&seqNum=275&rl=1
Names and IDs
By Jeremy Keith.
"With Internet Explorer 7 out the door with greatly improved CSS
support, the IE development team can now turn their attention towards
improving the browser's JavaScript..."
http://domscripting.com/blog/display/90
Important Facts About JavaScript and Related Technologies
By Christian Wenz.
"This chapter presents not only the most important facts (and phrases)
regarding JavaScript, but also related technologies, especially XML
handling with JavaScript."
http://www.informit.com/articles/article.asp?p=669066&rl=1
AJAX Tips and Tricks
By Kris Hadlock.
"If you're developing in AJAX, author Kris Hadlock has a few tricks you
can use to avoid common issues and speed up your AJAX development time.
This article shows you how to prevent cached AJAX requests, debug AJAX
code with FireBug, and create a database connection."
http://www.informit.com/articles/article.asp?p=669599&rl=1
+07: MISCELLANEOUS.
Interview with Patrick H. Lauke
By Dennis Lembree.
"This is the transcript of my interview for Web Axe - Practical Web
Design Accessibility Tips, conducted by Dennis Lembree."
http://www.splintered.co.uk/documents/presentations/webaxe_29.10.2006/
+08: NAVIGATION.
Designing Navigation with Lists
By Sarah Horton.
"On the surface, navigation appears to have been overlooked by the
originators of the web. There is no NAV tag to mark a navigation block
and no LINK tag to identify individual links. But let's take a step
back and think more broadly about navigation. What is navigation if not
a list of links? And don't we have tags for marking up lists? Of course
we do-our friends, UL and LI..."
http://www.informit.com/guides/content.asp?g=webdesign&seqNum=234&rl=1
Avoiding the 5 Most Common SEO Mistakes
By Johnathon Smith.
"Are your SEO efforts hampered by any of the 5 most common SEO
mistakes? They're not difficult to rectify ... once you know what they
are! Johnathon explains them clearly, and shows you how to correct
them, in this hands-on tutorial."
http://www.sitepoint.com/article/most-common-seo-mistakes
+09: PHP.
Adding Functionality: Scripted CSS
By Dave Shea.
"CSS was originally designed as a styling language, with an emphasis on
keeping the syntax simple and as non-programmatic as possible. Doing it
this way encouraged adoption by designers who didn't get programming,
while limiting those of us who want to take it further. Luckily, we can
mix and match server-side scripting with CSS for powerful results.
While this article will use PHP for the examples, I'll try and explain
the basic concepts in a general enough fashion that you can adapt the
principles for ASP, Cold Fusion, or any other server-side language..."
http://www.informit.com/guides/content.asp?g=webdesign&seqNum=265&rl=1
Database-Enabled Ajax with PHP
By Kris Hadlock.
"Ajax has taken the Web to a new level by offering an intuitive
interactive model that rivals the desktop. To compete with desktop
applications, you'll learn how to create database-enabled Ajax requests
using PHP and MySQL."
http://www.webreference.com/programming/javascript/kh/index.html
Securing PHP Include Files
By Mike Cherim.
" One of the great things about the PHP server-side scripting language
is the ability to 'include' files. Using includes you can share files
across several pages. For example, if you're not using a functions
library to handle global page sections, you can create a file called
header.php, put some variable hooks in it to handle a dynamic title,
keyword set, and description, then use this one file for all your web
pages. This can save a tremendous amount of initial work when creating
a site, plus it can greatly reduce maintenance down the road if you
want to make changes. But the web being what it is, it is possible to
access some includes directly and thus you may want to secure them..."
http://green-beast.com/blog/?p=144
Debugging and Performance
By George Schlossnagl.
"Debugging is an important part of coding. One way to make the
debugging process easier is to write quality code to begin with. This
article, the first of two parts, will point out some of the most common
coding errors, and help you identify problems in your code. It is
excerpted from chapter 12 of Zend PHP Certification, written by George
Schlossnagle et al."
http://www.devshed.com/c/a/PHP/Debugging-and-Performance/
+10: STANDARDS, GUIDELINES, MICROFORMATS, PATTERNS.
Jeffrey Zeldman On Why To Incorporate Web Standards
By Jeffrey Zeldman.
"Web standards hold the key to accessible, cost-effective web design
and development, but you wouldn't know it from surveying most big
commercial sites. In this chapter, CSS guru Jeffrey Zeldman explores
some of the reasons web standards have not yet been incorporated into
the normative practice of all design shops and in-house web divisions,
and are not yet obligatory components of every site plan or request for
proposal. If you need help selling standards to your colleagues, this
chapter is for you."
http://www.informit.com/articles/article.asp?p=608636&rl=1
The Road to the Semantic Web
By Alex Iskold.
"John Markoff's recent article in NY Times has generated an interesting
discussion about Web 3.0 being the long-promised Semantic Web. For
instance, a short post on Fred Wilson's blog had a lot of lengthy
comments attempting to define Web 1.0, Web 2.0 and Web 3.0. Some people
think that the Semantic Web is about AI, some claim that it is more
about semantics, while others say that it is about data annotation. All
agree however, that we will all be wonderfully more productive and
simply happier when it arrives. Lets take a look at the ingredients,
definitions and approaches to the Semantic Web so that we can recognize
it when it is finally here."
http://www.readwriteweb.com/archives/semantic_web_road.php
The Business Benefits of Microformats
By Simon Collison.
"...I have only recently realized that Microformats are something that
Mr. Client (or Mrs. Client) not only understands, but also loves,
needs, wants and will tell his/her associates about. This is a
cast-iron business benefit and a serious commodity..."
http://tinyurl.com/ylgf5e
Microformats: Tomorrow's Web Today
By Molly E. Holzschlag.
"Despite the buzz about Web 2.0 and next-generation web applications,
Informit readers will find it interesting that the original second
generation vision for the Web has very little to do with the current
perspectives and positions on Web 2.0. The Semantic Web is the term
used to describe Tim Berners-Lee and the World Wide Web Consortium's
work in encouraging the Web to its next level..."
http://www.informit.com/guides/content.asp?g=webdesign&seqNum=271&rl=1
Microformats: Understanding Elemental Microformats
By Molly E. Holzschlag.
"Remember playing with blocks as a kid? One of the pleasures of my
childhood was competing with my brothers to see who could build the
biggest, tallest, coolest structure using blocks. In later years, the
game Jenga, with which many readers will be familiar, took the place of
building blocks, but still with the same essential concept in mind..."
http://www.informit.com/guides/content.asp?g=webdesign&seqNum=293&rl=1
+11: TOOLS.
Textile
By Alex Shiels.
"Textile takes plain text with *simple* markup and produces valid
XHTML."
http://textile.thresholdstate.com/
Daily Color Scheme
By Walter Tamboer.
"Daily Color Scheme.com is all about color. Every day color. We serve a
new colorscheme every day of the year, to keep the designers head
fueled with inspirational and usable color schemes."
http://beta.dailycolorscheme.com/
Hex Color Picker
By wafflesoftware.
"Lets you get and edit hexadecimal HTML color codes in the standard Mac
OS X color panel."
http://wafflesoftware.net/hexpicker/
+12: TYPOGRAPHY.
Designing Accessible Text-Part 2: Text Size
By Sarah Horton.
"Designing web text is fundamentally different from designing text in
print. With printed documents, words are set in ink, meaning that
designers must choose a text size that's readable by most readers.
People who cannot read text as printed use reading aids such as glasses
or document enlargers, or alternate versions such as audio or
large-print formats. In print, designers are responsible for setting
text size, whereas on the Web, designing text is a collaboration
between designer and user..."
http://www.informit.com/guides/content.asp?g=webdesign&seqNum=269&rl=1
Designing Accessible Text-Part 4: Typeface
By Sarah Horton.
"Of the attributes that influence the accessibility of Web text,
typeface plays the smallest role-not quite a member of the chorus, but
certainly a bit part. While color and size determine the possibility of
reading, typeface influences the quality of the reading experience. For
instance, some typefaces are more difficult to read than others, and a
fantasy font like Impact or Desdemona is likely to lose its charm when
used to set large blocks of text. While we might not enjoy reading
under such conditions, it's unlikely that we would be unable to read
due to such an unwise choice of typeface. Nevertheless, quality of
experience does figure in to universal usability. Read on to explore
the fine art of choosing typefaces in the constrained environment of
the Web, and to learn best practices for coding typefaces that can be
easily modified by users."
http://www.informit.com/guides/content.asp?g=webdesign&seqNum=280&rl=1
+13: USABILITY.
Choices = Headaches
By Joel Spolsky.
"Every time you want to leave your computer, you have to choose between
nine, count them, nine options: two icons and seven menu items. The two
icons, I think, are shortcuts to menu items. I'm guessing the lock icon
does the same thing as the lock menu item, but I'm not sure which menu
item the on/off icon corresponds to."
http://www.joelonsoftware.com/items/2006/11/21.html
Windows Vista Off Button Usability Issues
By Jesper Ronn-Jensen.
"Below is my argument that some user interface widgets are introduced
only because of buggy software. First let's have a look at Windows
Vista. Joel Spolsky is picking on the 24 people that designed the Off
button in Windows Vista: Choices = Headaches."
http://tinyurl.com/vngp9
Paradox of Choice - Barry Schwartz Video
By Jesper Ronn-Jensen.
"The most influential talk I have heard this year is Barry Schwartz on
the paradox of choice. I cannot recommend this talk enough, so I was
thrilled to see that Barry did a similar talk that's available on
Google Video..."
http://tinyurl.com/wus4a
Designing Usable Forms
By Sarah Horton.
"A whole book could be written on form design. This article touches on
only two of the many form usability issues-namely, those associated
with element labeling and menus. More form usability information can be
found in a related Web Design Reference Guide article on designing
forms for keyboard access..."
http://www.informit.com/guides/content.asp?g=webdesign&seqNum=284&rl=1
Designing Flexible Layouts
By Sarah Horton.
"Flexibility is one of the more vexing aspects of designing for the
web. The hours we spend tweaking colors and fonts-only to have users
come along and apply their own settings to our pages. Humph! And when
we see our designs compromised-for example, by large text or a narrow
browser window-all we can do is mutter, "Well, it looks great on my
computer." Now, we could avoid unpleasant surprises by creating sites
that are image based. Images are largely impervious to user
modification, and many sites, including those of Apple and J.Crew, rely
on images almost exclusively. This approach provides a measure of
design integrity, but at significant cost. Users who can't access
images, or who must make modifications in order to access content,
cannot use these sites. And when push comes to shove, a compromised but
usable design is better than an unusable one..."
http://www.informit.com/guides/content.asp?g=webdesign&seqNum=248&rl=1
Resolution vs. Browser Size vs. Fixed or Adaptive width
By Roger Johansson.
"...By all means if you want to make your design look its best at a
certain width, optimize it for that width. But in most cases there is
little reason to lock down the design to a pixel width..."
http://tinyurl.com/ydg4w6
Fixed and Fluid, myth and meme
By Mike Davies.
"Are there any accessibility-based reasons for choosing a
variable-width layout over a fixed-width layout?..."
http://www.isolani.co.uk/blog/web/FixedAndFluidMythAndMeme
+14: XML.
The Feedback on HTML
By Anne Van Kesteren.
"WHATWG 2.0: blog, Wiki and IRC!"
http://annevankesteren.nl/2006/11/feedback-on-html
[Section one ends.]
++ SECTION TWO:
+15: What Can You Find at the Web Design Reference Site?
Accessibility Information.
http://www.d.umn.edu/goto/accessibility
Association Information.
http://www.d.umn.edu/goto/associations
Book Listings.
http://www.d.umn.edu/goto/books
Cascading Style Sheets Information.
http://www.d.umn.edu/goto/css
Color Information.
http://www.d.umn.edu/goto/color
Dreamweaver Information.
http://www.d.umn.edu/goto/dreamweaver
Evaluation & Testing Information.
http://www.d.umn.edu/goto/testing
Event Information.
http://www.d.umn.edu/goto/events
Flash Information.
http://www.d.umn.edu/goto/flash
Information Architecture Information.
http://www.d.umn.edu/goto/architecture
JavaScript Information.
http://www.d.umn.edu/goto/javascript
Miscellaneous Web Information.
http://www.d.umn.edu/goto/misc
Navigation Information.
http://www.d.umn.edu/goto/navigation
PHP Information.
http://www.d.umn.edu/goto/php
Sites & Blogs Listing.
http://www.d.umn.edu/goto/sites
Standards, Guidelines & Pattern Information.
http://www.d.umn.edu/goto/standards
Tool Information.
http://www.d.umn.edu/goto/tools
Typography Information.
http://www.d.umn.edu/goto/type
Usability Information.
http://www.d.umn.edu/goto/usability
XML Information.
http://www.d.umn.edu/goto/xml
[Section two ends.]
++END NOTES.
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+ TEXT EMAIL NEWSLETTER (TEN).
As a navigation aid for screen readers we do our best to conform to the
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+ SIGN OFF.
Until next time,
Laura L. Carlson
Information Technology Systems and Services
University of Minnesota Duluth
Duluth, MN U.S.A. 55812-3009
mailto:lcarlson at d.umn.edu
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