Manual Web Accessibility Testing

Introduction

• Download Manual Web Accessibility Testing Slide Deck (pptx file) (5.87 MB)
• Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG)
• W3C Accessibility Guidelines Working Group - Participants
• World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)

Validate Auto Tool Results

Pope Tech/WAVE Rules Sets:

• Error Rule Set
• Alert Rule Set
• Structural Element Rule Set
• ARIA Rule Set
  • First Rule of ARIA - W3C Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI)
  • Using ARIA - Steve Faulkner and David MacDonald, editors
  • No ARIA is better than Bad ARIA - WAI
  • The WebAIM Million (ARIA Section)
  • What You Need to Know About ARIA and How to Fix Common Mistakes - Whitney Lewis
  • What ARIA is and It's Impact on Accessibility (Video) - Pope Tech
  • Activity to Find ARIA Instances With Pope Tech - Whitney Lewis

Keyboard Access

• Throw Your Mouse Out the Window - Laura Carlson
• Keyboard Accessibility - WebAIM
• Understanding WCAG Guideline 2.1: Keyboard Accessible
• Keyboard Access and Visual Focus Indicators (Video) - U.S. Department of Education
• Introduction to Keyboard Accessibility – the Movie - Bruce Lawson and Taylar Bouwmeester.

Reflow

• Reflow (WCAG 1.4.10)
  • Understanding Success Criterion 1.4.10 Reflow
• Web Developer Toolbar - Chris Pederick
• Operational Overhead Caused by Horizontal Scrolling Text - Wayne E. Dick
• Testing When the Screen is Magnified (Video) - U.S. Department of Education.
• WCAG SC 1.4.4 Resize Text & 1.4.10 Reflow - Eric Eggert
• Quick Accessibility Test Content Resizing (Video) - Patrick H. Lauke

Straw Test

• Point of Regard and Proximity of Controls - Laura Carlson
• Low vision: Challenging assumptions and understanding differences (Video) (includes a Straw Test) - WAI
• Sensory Characteristics (WCAG 1.3.3)

Text Alternatives for Images

• Non-text Content (WCAG 1.1.1)
  • Understanding Success Criterion 1.1.1: Non-text Content
• Techniques
  • G73: Providing a long description in another location with a link to it that is immediately adjacent to the non-text content
  • G74: Providing a long description in text near the non-text content, with a reference to the location of the long description in the short description
  • G92: Providing long description for non-text content that serves the same purpose and presents the same information
  • Effective Practices for Description of Science Content within Digital Talking Books - The National Center for Accessible Media (provides useful information on writing long descriptions for complex data.)
  • Image Description Guidelines - DIAGRAM Center
  • Complex Images - WAI
  • 3 Tips for Writing Long Descriptions of Pictures - Accessibility 104
• WCAG Defintions
  • Pure Decoration - "serving only an aesthetic purpose, providing no information, and having no functionality"
  • Supplemental Content- "additional content that illustrates or clarifies the primary content"
• Addtional Useful Resources
  • Using the HTML title attribute – updated March 2020 - Steve Faulkner. "Examples of title attribute use that are NOT USEFUL or are of LIMITED USE: …caption on an image…"

Color and Contrast

• Contrast Minimum (WCAG 1.4.3)
  • Understanding Success Criterion 1.4.3: Contrast (Minimum)
• Non-text Contrast (WCAG 1.4.11)
  • Understanding 1.4.11 Non-Text Contrast
  • Techniques
    • G145 Ensuring that a contrast ratio of at least 3 1 exists between text (and images of text) and background behind the text
    • G207: Ensuring that a contrast ratio of 3:1 is provided for icons
• Colour Contrast Analyser - The Paciello Group Interactive
• 1.4.11 Non-text Contrast Examples - WebAIM
• Don't Use Color Alone to Convey Information - WAI
• Use of Color Alone to Convey Information (Video) - U.S. Department of Education
• JAWS Techniques for Examining Text Formatting, "The default behavior of JAWS is to speak all text using the same voice. JAWS does not distinguish between different types of fonts or font attributes such as bolding or underlined text."

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