Sociologists

• Biography

• Hull-House Maps and Papers

• [1907] Newer Ideals of Peace [Prefactory Note and Table of Content]
  New York: Macmillan, pp. vii-xviii.

• [1910] Twenty Years at Hull-House
  New York: MacMillan Co., 1910.

• [1922] Peace and Bread in Time of War
  G.K. Hall & Co., 1960 (originally published by The Women's International League for Peace and Freedom, 1922-1945).

• [1930/1964] Chaplin Times Two
  The first essay appeared under the title "Kierkegaard prophesies Chaplin" in the Frankfurter Zeitung, May 22, 1930; the second as "Chaplin in Malibu" in Neue Rundschau, Vol. 3, 75th year, 1964; they first appeared together under the present title in the volume Ohne Leitbild (Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1969), 89-93.

• [1944] Le Prix du Progress (with Max Horkheimer)
  From: The Dialectic of Enlightenment. New York: Continuum, 1993. Originally published as "Dialektik der Aufklärung, 1944.

• [1944] The Culture Industry: Enlightment as Mass Deception (with Max Horkheimer) idem (marxists.org)
  From: The Dialectic of Enlightenment. New York: Continuum, 1993. Originally published as "Dialektik der Aufklärung, 1944.

• [1951] Quotes: Theodor W. Adorno
  The quotes are taken from Minima moralia. Reflections from damaged life. (First published in German in 1951). Londen: NLB. 1974.

• [1991] Culture Industry Reconsidered
  From: The Culture Industry: Selected Essays on Mass Culture. London: Roudledge, 1991.

• Bibliographies
  • Theodor W. Adorno
    A biography and overview of his thought. Abstracted from the Fifth Key Contemporary Thinkers by John Lechte, Routledge, 1994.

  • T.W. Adorno: A Bibliography of Work in English
    Prepared by W. Barker (Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada).

  • Theodor Wiesengrund-Adorno
    A short French biography and overview. Includes a bibliography for French material. Presented by Dialectique.

• Allefeld, Carsten
  Theodor W. Adorno - Time table.

• Bronner, Stephen
  Dialectics at a Standstill: A Methodological Inquiry Into the Philosophy of Theodor W. Adorno
  In: Illuminations.

• Kattenbelt, Chiel
  Theodor W. Adorno - Televisie als exponent van de cultuurindustrie
  A Dutch contribution on television as exponent of the culture industry.

• [1966] Peace and War: A Theory of International Relations
  Garden City, NY: Doubleday & Company, pp. 591-600.

• Biographies
  • Encyclopædia Brittannica
    Aron, Raymond

  • Romane, Cécile [1998]
    Biographie de Raymond Aron

  • Yahoo! Encyclopédie: Raymond Aron

• Chanlat, Jean-François [1982]
  Raymond Aron: l'itinéraire d'un sociologue libéral [pdf]
  In: Sociologie et sociétés, 14(2): 119-33. Octobre 1982.

• Elshtain, Jean Bethke [1998]
  The Politics of the Possible
  Review of Brian C. Anderson: Raymond Aron: The Recovery of the Political. Rowman & Littefield.
  In: First Things, nov. 1998: 52-55.

• Kimball, Roger [2001]
  Raymond Aron and the power of ideas
  From The Mew Criterion, 19(9), May 2001.

• Malis, Christian
  Raymond Aron et le concept de puissance
  Article on Aron's concept of power.

• [1981] On the Murderous Capacity of Images
  Excerpt from Jean Baudrillard, The Evil Demon of Images and the Precession of Simulacra, in: Thomas Docherty (ed.) [1993] Postmodernism: A Reader New York: Columbia Univ. Press

• [1986] America
  Excerpts compiled by Chris Turner from the original in French, Americe

• [1986] America
  Excerpts compiled by Joe Witherspoon.

• {1991] The Seismic Order

• [1992] Hystericizing the Millennium
  Originally published in French as part of Jean Braudillard, L'Illusion de la fin: ou La greve des evenements. Paris: Galilee, 1992. Translated by Charles Dudas (York University).

• [1992] Reversion of History
  Originally published in French as part of Jean Braudillard, L'Illusion de la fin: ou La greve des evenements. Paris: Galilee, 1992. Translated by Charles Dudas (York University).

• [1992] Rise of the Void towards the Periphery
  Originally published in French as part of Jean Braudillard, L'Illusion de la fin: ou La greve des evenements. Paris: Galilee, 1992. Translated by Charles Dudas (York University).

• [1992] Thawing of the East
  Originally published in French as part of Jean Braudillard, L'Illusion de la fin: ou La greve des evenements. Paris: Galilee, 1992. Translated by Charles Dudas (York University).

• [1992] Strike of Events
  Originally published in French as part of Jean Braudillard, L'Illusion de la fin: ou La greve des evenements. Paris: Galilee, 1992. Translated by Charles Dudas (York University).

• [1993] Pataphysics of Year 2000
  Originally published in French as part of Jean Braudillard, L'Illusion de la fin: ou La greve des evenements. Paris: Galilee, 1992. Translated by Charles Dudas (York University).

• {1994] Radical Thought
  Translation of Jean Baudrillard's La Pensee Radicale, published in Sens /Tonka (eds.) [1994] Collection Morsure, Paris.

• [1994] Plastic Surgery for the Other
  This article first appeared in Jean Baudrillard / Marc Guillaume [1994] Figures de l'alterite. Paris: Descartes et Cie.

• [1994] No Reprieve for Serajevo
  Published in Liberation, January 8, 1994. Translated by Patrice Riemens.

• [1995] Vivisecting the 90s: An Interview with Jean Baudrillard
  An interview by Caroline Bayard and Graham Knight (Mc Master University, Hamiltion, Canada. Published in Research in Semiotic Inquiry 16(1/2), Spring 1996.

• [1996] Disneyworld Company
  An essay.

• [1997] A Conjuration of Imbeciles
  This article originallly appeared as "La conjuration des imbeciles" in Liberation on May 7, 1997. Translated by François Debrix.

• [1997] The End of the Millennium or the Countdown

• [1997] Global Debt and Parallel Universe
  Published in French by Liberation, Paris. Translated by François Debrix.

• Baudrillard on the New Technologies [1996]
  An interview with Claude Thibaut in Cybersphere
  Originally published in Style 29:314-27.

• Nunes, Mark [1995] (DeKalb College)
  Baudrillard in Cyberspace: Internet, Virtuality, and Postmodernity

• Attias, Ben
  The World of Baudrillard
  (Department of Speech Communication, School of Arts, Media, and Communication California State University Northridge, USA).

• The Baudrillard Project [1995]
  A collaborative creation by Collin Brooke, Douglas Brown, and Matthew Levy.

• Munk, Timme Bisgaard (Univ. of Copenhagen)
  The Baudrillard Scene [moved to ...?]
  Contains a short presentation af his work, a bibliography of Baudrillards major writings in French and English only, a list of the best books about Baudrillard and reference to Baudrillards texts one the net and a reference to a newsgroup where you can discuss his work with other people and a list of Funny thing about Baudrillard.

• S(t)imulacrum(b)
  An extensive Baudrillard page with annotated bibliography and text selections. Editor: Ben Attias (California State University Norhridge). You have to be cautious: "Objects in Mirror are closer than they appear".

• Reference
  Baudrillard on the Web
  A list of links to works about and by Baudrillard, compiled by Alan Taylor.
  • Contemporary Philosophy, Critical Theory and Postmodern Thought
    Links to sites on Baudrillard.

• Howie's Home Page
  A living sociologist who created this page primarily to make things he has written and published in obscure places available to anyone who wants them.

• Bell [1960] The End of Ideology
  Chapter 13: The Mood of Three Generations.

• Bell [1973] The Coming of Post-Industrial Society
  New York: Basic Books, ch. 6 (pp. 339-68).

• Lind, Michael [1999] Why Daniel Bell Keeps Getting it Right
  New America Foundation.

• Ruth Fulton Benedict
  A short biography presented by Celebration of Women Antropologists.

• Ruth Fultun Benedict - Biography.

• Hochman, Susan K.: Ruth Fulton Benedict
  A short biography.

• The Writings of Ruth Benedict
  Vassar College Libraries, Poughkeepsie, New York, USA.

• Society as a Human Product
  From: Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann. [1966] The Social Construction of Reality: A Treatise its the Sociology of Knowledge. Garden City, New York: Anchor Books, pp. 51-55, 59-61.

• Sociological Perspective: Society as Drama
  Chapter 6 of Peter Berger, Invitation to Sociology: A Humanistic Perspective.

• Info on Bhaskar and archive - From: Spoon Collective.

• The Web Site for Critical Realism (WSCR)
  An independent space for the study and promotion of critical realism. Presented by the Centre for Critical Realism (CCR).

• Gorman, David Critical Unrealism
  Review of Roy Bhaskar (ed.) A Meeting of Minds: Socialists discuss philosophy - towards a new symposium.

• Social Exchange
  From: Peter Blau [1964] Exchange and Power in Social Life. New York: Wiley, pp. 88-97. The same article from Buck Kaplan (California).

• A Formal Theory of Differentiation in Organizations
  In: American Sociological Review 25 (1970): 201-18.

• Harris, C. Dodd [1996]
  Symbolic Interactionism as defined by Herbert Blumer

• Bourdieu Forum
  A forum for the discussion of the topics related to Bourdieu and his work in all its aspects: aesthetic, artistic, cultural, scientific, social, philosophical and political. To subscribe to this forum, send <subscribe bourdieu> to bourdieu@lists.village.virginia.edu.

• Outline of a Theory of Practice
  Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press. 1977, chs. 2 ('Structures and the Habitus'), 4 ('Structures, Habitus, Power: Basis for a Theory of Symbolic Power').

• Synopsis of Distinction: Chap. 5, "The Sense of Distinction"
  Society of Social Research Page, University of Chicago.

• Pierre Bourdieu Link Page
  A list of links to sites related to Pierre Bourdieu.

• From Bourdieu
  • [1987] The Biographical Illusion
    In: Working Papers and Proceedings of the Center for Psychosocial Studies, (Chicago), 14:1-7.

  • [1988] Of Interest and the Relative Autonomy of Symbolic Power
    In: Working Papers and Proceedings of the Center for Psychosocial Studies, (Chicago), 20:1-11.

  • [June, 1991] Espíritus de Estado. Génesis y estructura del campo burocrático
    Spanish translation of Esprits d'État. Genèse et structure du champ bureaucratique. A lecture on a conference in Amsterdam, 29 June 1991. Published in Actes RSS, nr. 96/97:49-62.

  • [1995] Combattre la technocratie sur son terrain
    Discours aux cheminots grevistes - Paris, Gare de Lyon, 12 decembre 1995.

  • [1996] Was bin Ich?
    Interview with Pierre Bourdieu of Isabelle Graw. In: The Thing (Vienna, Switzerland).

  • [April, 1996] La télévision peut-elle critiquer la tétélevision?
    Le Monde Diplomatique.

  • [Oct., 1996] Sociologie et démocratie
    Tribune Libre, 3 (1996).

  • [June 1997] La dominación masculina
    (The male domination)
    In: La Ventana Revista de estudios de género, nr. 3. Translation of: La domination masculine. Paris: Seuil.

  • [July 1997] Der Beitrag der Intellektuellen
    (The contribution of Intellectuals)

  • [Mai, 1998] The Essence of Neoliberalism | L'essence du néolibélisme
    Le Monde Diplomatique.

  • [Aug., 1998] De la domination masculine
    La Monde Diplomatique, nr. 533.

  • [June, 1999] Pour un mouvement social européen
    Le Monde Diplomatique.

• Bibliographies

  • Bourdieu Bibliographies
    Centre for European Sociology and Pierre Bourdieu: bibliographies and guides to reading. Editor: Henry Barnard (School of Global Studies, Massey University, New Zealand).

  • HyperBourdieu
    A comprehensive, contextual and referential bibliography and mediograpby of Bourdieu's works and public statements. Created by Ingo Mörth and Gerhard Fröhlich (Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria).

  • Pierre Bourdieu Bibliography - Editor: Henry Barnard.

  • Des textes de Pierre Bourdieu
  
  

• On Bourdieu
  • Beasley-Murray, Jon [1995]
    Value and Capital in Bourdieu and Marx
    Papers in the Marxism Archive (Spoons Collective): presented at 'Pierre Bourdieu - fieldwork in philosophy conference', Duke University, 21-23 April 1995.

  • Jacobs, Dirk [1993]
    De synthese van handelings: en systeemtheorie in de structuratietheorie van Anthony Giddens en de praxeologie van Pierre Bourdieu. - University of Ghent: MA Thesis. See abstract.

  • Fowler, Bridget (University of Glasgow)
    Pierre Bourdieu and La Domination Masculine
    In her critical review of La Domination Masculine [Seuil 1998] Fowler discusses Bourdieu's theory of gender relations.

  • Graw, Isabelle [1996]
    Ein Interview mit Pierre Bourdieu - The Thing, Vienna.

  • Lawley, Elizabeth Lane [1994]
    The Sociology of Culture in Computer-Mediated Communication. An Initial Exploration.

  • Loesberg, Jonathan [1993]
    Bourdieu and the Sociology of Aesthetics
    In:ELH 60(4):1033-1056.

  • Peurell, Erik [1994]
    Review of Pierre Bourdieus Les règles de l'art [Swedish]. Samlaren.

  • Peurell, Erik [1995]
    The importance of playing the game; Jan Fridegård and the literary field in Sweden.
    Paper presented at 'Pierre Bourdieu; fieldwork in philosophy conference', Duke University, 21-23 April 1995.

  • Rowanne, M. Henry/Rowanne M. [1994]
    The fetters of continuity: a critique of Bourdieu and Giddens.
    Anthropology UCLA Journal 21.

  • Varenne, Hervé (Columbia University)
    Review of 'Homo Academicus' - Teachers College Record. 91:263-265.

• Bornmann, Lutz (Kiel, German)
  Grundbegriffe und leitende Annahmen der Sozialtheorie James S. Coleman
  A short article on the fundamental concepts and propositions of Coleman's social theory.

• James S. Colemans Foundations of Social Theory (II) & (II)
  Analyse & Kritik, 2/1993 and 1/1993.

• [1974] The Basics of Conflict Theory
  From: Randall Collins [1974] Conflict Sociology. New York: Academic Press, pp.56-61.

• [1975] Outline of Organizations in Conflict Sociology
  From Randall Collins. "Organizations" in Conflict Sociology: Toward an Explanatory Science. New York: Academic Press, 1975.

• [1979] Credential Crisis
  From: Randall Collins [1979] The Credential Society. New York: Academic Press, pp. 191-204.

• [1992] Interview with Randall Collins conducted by Lara Kreps

• [1822] Plan des traveaux scientifiques nécessaires pour réorganiser la société
  The text that founded sociology.

• [1924] Lettre d'Auguste Comte à M. Valet (A letter from Comte to his friend Valat)
  

• [1848] Discours sur l'Ensemble du Positivisme / A General View of Positivism

• [1851-4] Système de Politique Positive ou Traité de Sociologie

• [1854] On the Positivistic Approach to Society [extract]
  From: Auguste Come, The Positive Philosophy (translated by Harriet Nartineau). Vol. 2 (New York: D. Appleton & Co, 1854), 68-74 and 95-110.

• [1855] The Positive Philosophy of Auguste Comte
  Freely translated and condensed by Harriet Martineau. NY: Calvin Blanchard.

• Auguste Comte and Positivism
  The site of the "International Positivist Society". It includes: Comte's choosen texts, Comte's mottos, a complete bibliography of comtean positivism, bio-bibliographies of disciples, and much more.

• Comte Bibliography
  Works by and about Auguste Comte. Edited by: Ed Stephan (Western Washington Univ.).

• Works of Auguste Comte

• L'Oeuvre d'Auguste Comte présentée par lui-même
  Auguste Comte Works as Presented by Himself.

• Heilbron, Johan [1990]
  Auguste Comte och den moderna epistemologins genombrott (in Swedish)

• Kreis, Steven [1998-9]
  The Age of Ideologies (3): The World of Auguste Comte

• Kropotkin, Peter [1903]
  Auguste Comte's Attempt to build up a Synthetic Philosophy

• [1902] The Looking Glass Self
  From: Charles Horton Cooley [1902] Human Nature and the Social Order. New York: Scribner's, pp.179-85.

• [1909] Social Organization: A Study of the Larger Mind
  New York: Charles Schribner's Sons.

• [1909] On Primary Groups
  From: Charles Horton Cooley [1909] Social Organization: A Study of the Larger Mind. New York: CharlesScribner's Sons, pp. 25-31.

• [1912] Valuation as a Social Process
  The Psychological Bulletin, Vol. IX. No. 12 Decembter 15, 1912.

• [1913a] The Institutional Character of Pecuniary Valuation
  American Journal of Sociology, 18: 543-555.

• [1913b] The Sphere of Pecuniary Valuation
  American Journal of Sociology, 19: 188-203.

• [1913c] The Progress of Pecuniary Valuation Quarterly Journal of Economics, 30: 1-21.

• [1918] Social Process
  New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.

• [1920] Reflections Upon the Sociology of Herbert Spencer
  In: American Journal of Sociology 26 : 129-45.

• [1922] Human Nature and the Social Order (Revised edition).
  New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.

• [1920] Reflections upon the Sociology of Herbert Spencer
  American Journal of Sociology, 26: 129-145.

• Bibliography of Charles Horton Cooley

• Functions of Social Conflict
  From: Lewis Coser [1956] The Functions of Social Conflict. Glencoe, IL: Free Press, pp. 151-7.

• Max Weber on bureaucracy

• Rationalization and disenchantment

• The Classes: The unwritten 52nd Chapter of Volume III of Marx's Capital [extract]
  From: Ralf Dahrendorf [1959] Class and Class Conflict in Industrial Society. Stanford CA: Stanford University Press, pp. 3-18.

• Classes in Post-Capitalist Society [extract]
  From: Ralf Dahrendorf [1959] Class and Class Conflict in Industrial Society. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, pp. 241-8.

• [1897] The Essentials in the Struggle
  From: Du Bois, The Suppression of the African Slave Trade to the United States of America, 1638-1870, Chapter XII.

• [March 1925] The Black Man Brings His Gifts
  From: The Survey Graphic Harlem Number.

• Poems: Of the Sorrow Songs [1903] Credo [1904] | The Song of Smoke [1907]

• Biography - Thomas Hampson

• W.E.B. Du Bois Stamp

• The W.E.B. Du Bois Virtual University
  A series of pages detailing various aspects of Du Bois Studies. Editor: Jennifer Wager. It contains a bibliography, a biography and links to some online material.

• Monteiro, Anthony [1995] The Science of Dr. W.E.B. Du Bois

• Monteiro, Anthony [1995] W.E.B. Du Bois: Scholar, Scientist, and Activist

• Wager, Jennifer [1994] W.E.B. Du Bois: Freedom Fighter

• The Durkheim Pages
  Devoted to the presentation of information concerning Emile Durkheim. Contents: Some full texts, a complete bibliography of Durkheim's work, a timeline describing important events related to Durkheim and the Third French Republic, a glossary of terms and concepts, a bibliography of secondary material, news, a list of Durkheim scholars and mailing list, and Durkheimian Studies information. Editor: Robert Alun Jones (Univ. of Illinois, USA).

• The Emile Durkheim Archive
  A discussion of Durkheim's work and ideas, including over 70 Durkheim quotes on various subjects. Created by L. Joe Dunman, Murray State University, USA.

• Biography
  • Coser, Lewis [1977] The Person
    From: Lewis A. Coser [1977] Masters of Sociological Thought, pp. 143-44.

  • Gravitz, Madeleine [1977] Émile Durkheim, Sa vie et son oeuvre
    In: idem [1996] Méthodes des sciences sociales. Dalloz.

  • Jones, Robert Alun [1986] Emile Durkheim: His Life and Work
    Excerpts from Robert Alun Jones [1986] Emile Durkheim: An Introduction to Four Major Works. Beverly Hills. CA: Sage Publications, pp. 12-23.
  
  

• Bibliography
  • A Bibliography of Works by Durkheim
    A complete bibliography of Durkheim's published works, including the original French as well as existing English translations. Editor: Robert Alun Jones.

  • Selected works by Emile Durkheim
    Composed by: Hervé Varennes (Dept. of Scientific Foundations, Teachers College, Columbia Univ., USA).

  • Bibliography of Secondary Literature on Durkheim
    Editor: Robert Alun Jones.
  
  

• [1883] Sens Lectures
  English abstract of the recently discovered transcript of Durkheim's philosophy lectures at the Lyçée de Sens.
  Warren Schmaus has written a review on Durkheim's Sens lectures.

• [1883] Du Rôle des Grands Hommes dans la Société or pdf
  Cahier internationaux de sociologie 43:25-32.

• [1984] Cours de philosophie au Lyçée de Sens
  Student lecture notes taken from Durkheim's course on philosophy in 1883-84. Notes taken by the French philosopher, Andre Lalande. Written manuscript: Bibliothèque de la Sorbonne, Manuscript 2351.

• [1885a] Schaeffle, A, Bau und Leben des sozialen Körpers: Erster Band
  Revue philosophique 19:84-101.

• [1885b] Fouillée, A. La Propriété sociale et la démocratie
  Revue philosophique 19: 446-453.

• [1885c] Glumplowicz, Ludwig, Grundriss der Soziologie
  Revue philosophique 20:627-34.

• [1886a] Les Études de science sociale
  Revue philosophique 22: 61-80.
  A review of Herbert Spencer [1885] Ecclesiastical Institutions: part 6 of Principles of Sociology, A. Regnard L'État, ses origines, sa nature et son but, A. Coste / Aug. Burgeau / Lucine Arréat [1886] Les questions sociales contemporaines, A. Schaeffle [1885] Die Quintessenz des Sozialismus.

• [1886b] DeGreef, Guillaime, Introduction à la sociologie
  Revue philosophique 22: 658-63.

• [1887a] La Philosophie dans les universités allemandes
  Revue international de l'enseignement 13: 313-38, 423-40.

• [1887b] Guyau, M. L'Irreligion de l'avenir
  Revue philosophique 23: 299-311.

• [1887c] La Science positive de la morale en Allemagne
  Revue philosophique 24: 33-58, 113-42, 275-84.
  Review essay on Wagner, Schmoller, Schaeffle, Ihering, Wundt and Post.

• [1887d] Nécrologie d'Hommay
  In: Victor Hommay: hommage à une chère mémoire, pp. 23-48.

• [1888a] Cours de science sociale: l&eccedil;on d'ouverture
  Revue international de l'enseignement 15: 23-48.
  Opening lecture of Durkheim's first course, "La Solidarité," given at the University of Bordeaux in 1887-88.

• [1888b] Le Programme économique de M. Schaeffle
  Revue d'économie politique 11?3-7.

• [1888c] Introduction à la sociologie de la famille
  Annales de la Faculté des Lettres de Bordeaux 257-81.
  Opening lecture of the 1888-89 course entitled "La Famille: origins, types principaux."

• [1893] The Division of Labor in Society
  • De la division du travail social or from Bristol Univ. UK
    The complete French version.

  • Excerpt from Robert Alun Joines, Emile Durkheim: An Introduction to Four Major Works. Beverly Hills. CA: Sage Publications, Inc. 1986, pp. 24-59.

  • On the Division of Labor - From: Emile Durkheim [1947] The Division of Labor in Society (Translated by George Simpson). New York: The Free Press.
  
  

• [1895] The Rules of Sociological Method
  • Excerpt from Robert Alun Jones, Emile Durkheim: An Introduction to Four Major Works. Beverly Hills. CA: Sage Publications, Inc. 1986, pp. 60-81.

  • Rules for the Explanation of Social Facts
    From: Emile Durkheim [1982] The Rules of the Sociological Method (Ed. by Steven Lukes; trans. by W.D. Halls). New York: Free Press, chapter V.
  
  

• [1897] Suicide
  • Excerpt from Robert Alun Joines, Emile Durkheim: An Introduction to Four Major Works. Beverly Hills. CA: Sage Publications, Inc. 1986, pp. 82-114.

  • Types of Suicide - TS, pp. 213-18.

  • Anomic Suicide - TS, pp. 916-29.

  • On the Normality of Crime - pp. 872-75 in: Theories of Society, edited by Talcott Parsons, Edward Shils, Kaspar D. Naegele, and Jesse R. Pitts. New York: Free Press.
  
  

• [1912] The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life
  • Excerpt from Robert Alun Jones, Emile Durkheim: An Introduction to Four Major Works. Beverly Hills. CA: Sage Publications, Inc. 1986, pp. 115-155.

  • The Elementary forms of the Religious Life. New York: Free Press. 'Introduction'; book 1, ch. 1 ('Definition of Religious Phenomena and of Religion'); book 2, ch. 7 ('Origins of the Idea of the Totemic Principle of Mana's'); 'Conclusion'.
  
  

• [1913] Le Jugement de valeurs
  Hear, hear, Durkheim talks to you on the judgement of values.

• [1914] Pragmatism & the Question of Truth
  Pragmatism is much less of an undertaking to encourage action than an attack on pure speculation and theoretical thought. Durkheim discusses the pragmatist doctrines (such as everything is reducable to a purely logical construction) and establishes a parallel between pragmatism and sociology.

• Gans, Eric [2000]
  The Sacred and the Social: Defining Durkheim's Anthropological Legacy
  In: Anthropoetics 6(1).

• Lehmann, Jennifer M. [1994]
  Durkheim and Women

• Norbert Elias and Process Sociology
  Identifies and provides internet resources for all social scientists working with the ideas of Norbert Elias and process sociology. They have a special discussion group "Elias-I listserv" and you can contact them directly by e-mail: Robert van Krieken (Univ. of Sydney, Australia).

• Elias Bibliographies by Robert van Krieken.

• Literature and Process Sociology - University of British Columbia

• Elias Papers in Marbach am Neckar
  The unpublished papers of Norbert Elias are available for research purposes.

• Processes of State formation and Nation Building - Elias' 1970 ISA paper.

• Elias Interview: 'We have not learnt to control nature and ourselves enough'.
  By: Aafke Steenhuis. Originally: De Groene Amsterdammer 16.5.1984, pp. 10-11.

• Bornmann, Lutz (Kiel, Germany) Die Soziologie Norbert Elias

• Hees, Bert van [december 1997]
  Wat zijn de nutten van de figuratiebenadering voor organisatiestudies
  Notes on the uses of fuguration approach for organizational studies.

• Iterson, Ad van
  Civilisatie versus cultuur. Bestuur en beheersing in Franse en Duitse bedrijven in civilisatiesociologisch perspectief
  (Civilisation versus culture. Corporate governance structures in France and Germany from the perspective of civilisation sociology).
  The object of this paper is to assess whether Elias's civilisation theory can contribute to the analysis of productive organizations in modern capitalist societies. The paper explores how the contrasting concepts of civilisation and culture can clarify persistent differences between the French and German business system.

• Krieken, Robert van (University of Sydney)
  Norbert Elias - Key Sociologist
  A book about the live and work of N. Elias. Table of content and chapter 1 are online.

• Mastenbroek, Willem
  • [March, 1997] Norbert Elias as organiational sociologist

  • [December, 1997] Organizational behaviour as emotion management

• Wessels, Sebastian
  Blick auf das Leben eines Mythenjägers. Versuch einer Kurzbiographie Norbert Elias
  A short biography of Norbert Elias.

• OSELIA-L
  A Dutch mailing list on organisation studies and Elias/figuration studies.

• Social Sciences - The Works of Jon Elster - Norway.
  An overview of all the works of Jon Elster (articles, books, reviews, debates). Some of his articles are full-text.

• [1990] Mertons's Functionalism and the Unintended Consequences of Action
  In: Jon Clark / Celia Mogdil / Sohan Modgil (eds.) Robert Merton: Consensus and Controversy. London /New York: Falmer Press, pp. 129-35.

• [1993] Some Unresolved Problems in the Theory of Rational Behavior
  In: Acta Sociologica 36(3): 179-90.

• [1997] More Than Enough
  Review of Gary S. Becker (1966) Accounting for Tastes, The University of Chicago Law Review 62(2): 749-64.

• [1998] A plea for mechanisms
  In: Peter Hedstrøm and Richard Swedberg (eds.) Social Mechanism: An Analytical Approach to Social Theory.
  Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Ch. 3 (pp. 45-73).

• [1767] An Essay on the History of Civil Society [Mcmaster] | [Constitution Society]

• Infantino, Lorenzo: La Lezione di Ferguson

• Méndez, Francisco Vega
  La Sociedad Civil en la Concepción de Adam Ferguson

• Sher, Richard B. : Selected Bibliography

• Adam Ferguson Institute (AFI)
  

• Foucault Pages at CSUN

• Michel Foucault Page - Brief synopses of Foucault's major works:

• Philosopher All-Stars: Michael Foucault

• Jennings, Patrick (Canada) A few references to Michel Foucault

[1939] Selfishness and Self-Love

[1942] Character and the Social Process
Appendix to Fear of Freedom.

[1944] Individual and Social Origins of Neurosis

[1949] Freedom in the Work Situation
First published to introduce the book Labor in a Free Society, edited by Michael Harrington and Paul JAcobs. Berkeley & Los Angeles: Univ. of California Press, 1959.

• [1957] The Humanistic Science of Man
  Fromm outlines the program of a new institute for the science of man.

  [1958] The Influence of Social Factors in Child Development

• [1959] Freedom in the Work Situation
  In: Michael Harrington and Paul Jacobs (eds.) [1959] Labor in a Free Society, pp. 1-16.
  Fromm explains why the only alternative to the danger of robotism is humanistic communitarianism. "Changes in ownership must be made to the extent necessary to create a community of work, and to prevent the profit motive from directing production into socially harmful directions. Income must be equalized to the extent of giving everybody the material basis for a dignified life and thus preventing economic differences from creating a fundamentally different experience of life among various social classes. Man must be reinstituted in his supreme place in society - never a means, never a thing to be used by others or by himself."

• [1962] Erich Fromm's Humanist Credo
  In: Erich Fromm [1962] Beyond the Chains of Illusions New York: Simon and Schuster, pp. 174-82.
  Fromm explains what he believes in. "I believe in freedom, in men's right to be himself, to assert himself and to fight all those who try to prevent him from being himself. But freedom is more thant the absense of violent oppression. It is more than 'freedom from'. It is 'freedom to' - the freedom to become independent; the freedom to be much, rather than to have much, or to use things and people."

• Erich Fromm
  A site from Germany that includes a biography, a bibliography, online reading, and a Fromm forum. The best place to start. In German and English language.

• [1967] Some essential features of common understandings (summary)
  From: Harold Garfinkel [1967/84] Studies in Ethnomethodology. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, pp. 38-44, 75.
  Garfinkel demonstrates why common understandings cannot possibly consist of a measured amount of shared agreement among persons on certain topics. In many matters we can understand each other in a conversation although we don't mention the specific matters. We can understand certain matters on the basis of not only of what was actually said but what was left unspoken. Garfinkel explains how this is possible and how professional sociologists can rediscover common sense knowledge and common sense activities.

• [1967] Studies of the Routine Grounds of Everyday Activities (summary)
  From: Harold Garfinkel [1967] Studies in Ethnomethodology. Polity Press, ch. 2.
  When you examine the exchange that takes place in a conversation between two people, you realize soon that there are many things that are understood between these people than are actually mentioned (especially when these people have a standing relationship). We can understand matters on the basis of what was unspoken. This points to underlying properties of conversational exchange and the rules which govern them in daily live. The rule governed activities of everyday life constitute the moral order of society. To test his hypotheses, Garfinkel sent forth a legion of students to conduct conversational breaching experiments. Students were instructed to question everything they were being told by asking what was meant. One of the conclusions of these experiments was that background knowledge is important and is understood as such when it is shared. However, the possibility of common understanding does not consist in demonstrated measures of shared knowledge of social structure, but consists instead and entirely in the enforceable character of actions in compliance with the exigencies of everyday life as a morality. Common sense knowledge of the facts of social life for the members of the society is institutionalized knowledge of the real world.

• Ethnomethodology (SocioSite)

• Margaret C. Laney
  How is communication possible? From the perspective of Harold Garfinkel
  Garfinkel is considered the cofounder of the ethnomethodologogical perspective of social analysis. Ethnomethodologists concentrate the analysis on the ways in which actors describe, criticize, and idealize specific situations to make snese of their social world. Social facts are treated as the result of the individual situation created by a specific situation involving interpersonal communication. The basis of communication are not the words of language, but previous and present interactions. So human communication is not what is said, but what is not said. How the speaker and the hearer communicate nonverbaly is therefore of extreme importance. This article explains the specific approach of communication from a ethnomethodological point of view. The main result will be that communication is possible through social interaction and the development of the consensus of an assumed shared meaning based on experience.

• [1973] Emphasizing Interpretation
  From: C. Geertz [1973] The Interpretation of Cultures.

• Ideology as a Cultural System

• Thick Description: Toward an Interpretive Theory of Culture

• Giddens Home Page
  • fact file

  • publications

  • Books on the Work of Anthony Giddens

  • FAQs
    Responses to a selection of the most frequent questions about key areas in the social sciences. Click on the questions, and Giddens provides the answers.

• [1984] The Constitution of Society
  Berkeley: University of California Press - Extracts and Annotations by G.R. Thursby.

• [1991] Living in the World: Dilemmas of the Self
  From: Anthony Giddens [1991] Modernity and Self-Identity: Self and Society in the Late Modern Age, Stanford,CA: Stanford University Press, pp. 187-201.

• [1991] The Concept of "Pure Relationship"
  From: Anthony Giddens [1991] Modernity and Self-Identity: Self and Society in the Late Modern Age, Stanford,CA: Stanford University Press, pp. 187-201.

• [1998] Vertauen und Rreflexivität in der posttraditionalen Gesellschaft

• [1999] Globalization, Risk, Tradition, Family, and Democracy
  Five BBC lectures of Anthony Giddens. All lectures are available in text, audio and video.

• Erving Goffman Biography

• Erving Goffmann by B. Diane Blackwood
  Article for Magill's Guide to the 20th Century Authors (1977) Pasadena, CA: Salem Press.

• Erving Goffman Books
  Keith Appleby's Research Resources in Social Science.

• [1959] The Arts of Impression Management
  From: Erving Goffman [1959] The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. New York: Doubleday, pp. 208-12.

• [1959] Presentation of Self
  From Erving Goffman [1959] The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. New York: Doubleday, pp. 22-30, 70-76.

• [1974] Frame Analysis
  New York: Harper, 1974, 1-39.

• Bernhart, Adam D. [1994]
  Erving Goffman: The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life

• Brönnimann, Christoph [Oktober 1997]
  Welchen Beitrag leistet Goffmans Interaktionstheorie bei der Analyse neuer Interaktionsformen?
  Article on the contribution of Goffmans interaction theory to the analysis of computer-mediated interaction.

• Freidson, Eliot [July 1983]
  Celebrating Erving Goffman
  A paper read at a memorial session for Erving Goffman at the Eastern Sociological Society meeting in Baltimore, March 4, 1983. Freidson discusses Goffman's early work. It was published in Contemporary Sociology, 12 (4) July, 1983: 359-362.

• Miller, Hugh [1995]
  Goffman on the Internet

• Miller, Hugh / Mather, Russel [1998]
  The Presentation of Self in WWW Home Pages

• Travers, Andrws [1997]
  Manning, Philip: Erving Goffman and Modern Sociology [review]
  Reviewing Sociology 10(1).

• Young, T.R.
  • [1995] The Dramaturgical Society: The Work of Erving Goffman
    No. 21 in a series of mini-lectures sponsored in part by The Red Feather Institute for Advanced Studies in Sociology and by Texas Woman's University.

  • [April 1987] Hard Times and Hard Tomatoes: The Plight of Symbolic Interactional theory in a Interactionally Deficient Society

• Young, T.R / Massey, Garth [1971]
  The Dramaturgical Society: Macro-Analysis and Dramatugical Presentments
  The writings of Goffman have illuminated the dramaturgical components of face-to-face interaction. But the task of developing a substantive and theoretical explication of the dramaturgical society remains. Young & Massey try to expand the dramaturgical analysis to the macro-societal.

• The Norm of Reciprocity
  From Alvin W. Gouldner [1960] "The Norm of Reciprocity: A Preliminary Statement." American Sociological Review 25: 161-78.

• Bibliography of the Works of Antonio Gramsci
  Publications of his writings in 27 languages. Editor: John M. Cammett.

• Bibliography of Antonio Gramsci
  Composed by Elaine Cubbins and Charles Seavey (University of Arizona, USA).

• Resources on Antonio Gramsci
  An introduction to the work of Gramsci and an online search of the complet Gramsci bibliography which includes some 11,430. The site is developed and maintained by Dean Savage (Queens College-CUNY) and Jesse Reichler (University of Illinois). items.

• International Gramsci Society Newsletters

• Fondazione Istituto Gramsci
  The site contains bibliographic and archival materials concerning Antonio Gramsci's profile and thought, the history of Italian labour and socialist movements, the history of the Italian communist party.

• Rosengarten, Frank [1992] An Introduction to Gramsci's Life and Thought [Italian version]
  From: Enciclopedia italiana, Roma, pp. 485-86.

• Stillo, Monica Antonio Gramsci
  Information on life and work of Gramsci, merits and flaws of Gramsci's theory, and a bibliography.

• Gramsci e o Brasil
  Brazilian society, culture and politics in the light of gramscian marxism. Only in Portuguese.

• [1975] Theorems of Legitimation Crisis
  From: J. Habermas [1975] Legitimation Crisis (transl. by Thomas McCarthy) Boston: Benon Press, pp. 68-75.

• [1968] The Idea of the Theory of Knowledge as Social Theory
  From: Knowledge and Human Interests, (Erkenntnis und Interesse, 1968), publ. Polity Press, 1987 Chapter Three.

• [1991] The Second Destruction of Reason
  Interview in Die Zeit nr. 20, 17 Mai 1991.

• [1994] The Erosion of our Value Spheres?
  The ways in which society copes with scientific, moral and ethical uncertainty.
  Habermas Conference, 27 January 1994, Tilburg, Netherlands.

• [1996] Excerpt from "Georg Simmel on Philosophy and Culture: Postscript to a collection of Essays"
  In: Critical Inquiry, Spring 1996, Vol. 22(3). Translated by Mathieu Deflem.

• [1998] Hermeneutische und analytische Philosophie - Zwei komplementäre Spielarten der linguistischen Wende
  A lecture broadcast on Radio Bremen, June 1996, also in RealAudio.

• Habermas Info, Archive, and Papers - From: Spoon Collective.

• Amerongen, Melissa van [1997]
  Kunstkijken voor gevorderden? - Habermas en Lyotard over een vooruitstrevende avant-garde en een conservatieve maatschappij
  Article on the relation between modern art and the masses, from the perspective of Habermas (en Lyotard). Dutch only.

• Bambach, R. [1991] (Magdeburg, Germany)
  Jürgen Habermas: Person, Werk, Rezeption
  In: Julian Nida-Rümelin (hrsg.) Philosophie der Gegenwart in Einzeldarstellungen, Stuttgart 1991, pp. 210-217.
  Article on person, work and reception of Habermas (in German).

• Barna, Andrew: Andrew's Page of Habermas
  An introduction on the work of Habermas, and some links to Habermas pages.

• Deflem, Mathieu: Habermas
  A site that offers primary texts, secondary sources, reviews and links on Habermas.

  Dialectique
  Jürgen Habermas: de la sociologie cirtique à l'éthique de la communication
  A site dedicated to the Frankfurter Schule includes some biographical notes on Habermas.

• Feenberg, Andrew (San Diego State University, USA)
  • [1996] Marcuse or Habermas: Two Critiques of Technology
    Inquiry 39: 45-70.

  • From Essentialism to Constructiivism

• Fernández, Sergio Pablo [1997]
  Habermas y la Teoria Critica de la Sociedad
  In: Cinta de Moebio, no.1, Semtiembre 1997.

• Kauppinen, Antti (Helsinki, Finland)
  Habermas links, Habermas rechts

• Leydesdorff, Loet [1999]
  Luhmann, Habermas, and the Theory of Communication
  In: Systems Research and Behavioral Science.

• Poster, Mark [1995] (Univ. of California, Irvine, USA)
  CyberDemocracy: Internet and the Public Sphere
  For Habermas, the public sphere is a homogeneous space of embodied subjects in symmetrical relations, pursuing consensus through the critique of arguments and the presentation of validity claims. For Mark Poster this model is systematically denied in the arenas of electronic politics. He advizes us to abandon Habermas' concept of the public sphere in assessing the Internet as a political domain.

• Robinson, Steve (Michigan State University, USA)
  The Jürgen Habermas Web Resource
  A class project on the rhetorical theory of Habermas.

• Sito Web Italiano per la Filosofia (SWIF)
  Jürgen Habermas
  Italian site on Habermas

• Stefan Drees [1996] (Wuppertal, Germany)
  Habermasland - Überlick über die Habermassche Gesellschaftstheorie
  Some basic concepts of Habermas' social theory. (in German).

• Stickle, Steve
  An Introduction to Jürgen Habermas

• Thornton, Alinta (University of Technology, Sydney, Australia)
  Does Internet Create Democracy?
  A thesis on whether internet creates or contributes to democracy. She relates the internet and democracy debate to American communications theory (starting with Howard Rheingold's prediction that internet will facilitate an explosion of direct participatory democracy), and also explores some European theory, including Habermas. Thornton concludes that internet provides opportunities for limited revitalisation of the public sphere. These new opportunities are limited to privileged groups, but it is at least an increase in the activities of the public sphere, however modest.

• Grao, Frédéric / Ramognino, Nicole [1997]
  Les matérialités sociales et leurs observations. Les leçons de méthode de M. Halbwachs [pdf]
  In: Sociologie et sociétés, 29(2): 103-19.
  A methodical approach of Halbwachs' work that concentrates on apprehending social facts.

• Lavabre, Marie-Claire
  Pour une sociologie de la mémoire collective

• Marce, Jean-Cristophe / Mucchielli, Laurant [1999]
  Un fondement du lien social: la mémoire collective selon Maurice Halbwachs
  In: Technologies, Idéologies, Pratiques. Revue d'anthropologie des connaissances, 13(2): 63-88.
  A description of the evolution in the basic thinking of the French sociologist Maurice Halbwachs.

• Sabourin, Paul [1997]
  Perspective sur la mémoire sociale de Maurice Halbwachs [pdf]
  In: Sociologie et sociétés, 29(2): 139-61.
  A re-reading of Halbwachs work that examines the study of social memory as a contribution of note to social morphology, both from the point of view of defining problems and that of proposed solutions. His sociology of memory is a sociology of social experience. The author suggests that this sociology constitutes a theory of socialization that reveals the means of social appropriation of human experience through organizing and defining relationships among collective memories.

• Stuart Hall Page (Black Cultural Studies Web)

• Cultural Studies: Stuart Hall
  A slide lecture created by : Robert T. Craig & Karen Tracy.

• Stuart Hall - A Bibliography [Moved to..?]
  An on-going project to compile a comprehensive bibliography of the work of Stuart Hall. Editor: Nick Chapman.

• [1983] The Ironic Dream of a Common Language for Women in the Integrated Circuit
  An early version of Haraway's influential essay A Cyborg Manifesto: Science, Technology, and Socialist-Feminism in the Late Twentieth Century.
  A cyborg is a cybernetic organism, a creature of science fiction and a creature of social reality. Haraway argues that we have all become cyborgs, mythic hybrids of machine and organism. In recent Western science and politics, the relation between organism and machine has been a border war. Haraway's essay is an argument for pleasure in the confusion of boundaries and for responsibility in their construction. A socialist-feminist must pay particular attention to the redesign of cyborgs, i.e., to genetic engineering.

• [1991] A Cyborg Manifesto: Sicence, Technology, and Socialist-Feminism in the Late Twentieth Century
  In: Simians, Cyborgs and Women: The Reinvention of Nature (New York: Routledge, 1991), pp. 149-181.

• Hyperlink to Donna Haraway

• Hunzru, Hari [1997]
  You Are Cyborg
  In: Wired, Feb 1997.

• Sparks, Elisa Kay
  Donna Haraway Biblio

• General Propositions
  From: George C. Homans [1974] Elementary Forms of Social Behavior, (2nd Ed.), New York: Harcourt BraceJovanovich.

• [1944] Le Prix du Progress (with Theodor W. Adorno)
  From: The Dialectic of Enlightenment. New York: Continuum, 1993. Originally published as "Dialektik der Aufklärung, 1944.

• [1944] The Culture Industry: Enlightment as Mass Deception (with Theodor W. Adorno) idem (marxists.org)
  From: The Dialectic of Enlightenment. New York: Continuum, 1993. Originally published as "Dialektik der Aufklärung, 1944.

• Bi(bl)iography
  • Max Horkheimer: Soziologe und Philosoph

• Gur-Ze'ev, Ilan (University of Haifa, Israel)
  Max Horkheimer and Philosophy of Education

• Sito Web Italiano per la Filosofia: Max Horkheimer

• Culture Shift [1980]
  Princeton: Princeton University Press, pp. 15-83, 371-92.

• Home page of R. Inglehart

• Publications of Ronald Ingelhart

• The Times of Our Lives - Investigations into Socio-chronology
  A sociology of time and social rythms by Michael Kearl (Trinity University, USA). A study of time and the various timetables and rhythms that shape our behaviors and thoughts. The issues are: the different meanings we give to each day of the week & months of the year; the "quality time" that working parents worry about sharing enough of with their children; the pressure we feel to be "on time" in the face of dreaded deadlines; the various social clocks whose tickings seem to govern our lives, such as the ages at which we believe we should be married, have children, or be "peaking" in our careers; the emergence of "flexitime" and four-day weeks in the world of work; and the types of time that religions impose to fortify the moralities of their members, such as eternity in heavens or hells, purgatory time, or escaping the cycle of death and rebirth.

• Sociological Tour Trough Cyberspace
  Michael Kearl takes you on a trip through Sociology as it exists on the Net. You won't be disappointed. He will show you that the cyberspace medium can truly be a 'theater of ideas'.

• Sociology of Death and Dying
  An exploration in how death is an indicator of life. Essays, commentary, graphs and links on the death issues of our time: abortion, euthanasia, capital punishment, life expectancies of different groups, genocide and more. Also cross-national study in progress examining why belief in life after death greatest among Americans.

• A Sociological Social Psychology
  A sociological perspective written by Michael Kearl. A very good place to start with.

• Marriage & Family Processes

• Social Gerontology

• Social Inequality

• Gender & Society

• Race & Ethnicity

• Sociology of Knowledge

• Demography

• René-König-Society
  The Society informs on the life and work of René König, one of the refounders of German sociology after the second world war.

• [1996] La Taillade
  From: René König: Was nebenbei geschieht und allzu oft vergessen wird, Chapter 7. Published in RK-Nachrichten 2, pp. 30-40.

• [1996] Soziologie und Moralbegründung
  RK-Nachrichten 2, pp. 20-29. A radio talk with Hans G. Exenius on sociology and moral foundations.

• Albert, Hans [1996]
  Soziologie und soziale Ordnung. René König und die soziologischen Traditionen
  RK-Nachrichten 2, pp. 9-19.

• Lüschen, Güther [1996]
  René König zum 90. Geburtstag
  RK-Nachrichten 2, pp. 5-7.

• Ziegler, Rolf [1993]
  In memoriam René König. Für eine Soziologie in moralischer Absicht
  ZA-Information, Heft 33, November 1993, pp. 145-55.

• Zürcher, Markus [1994]
  Der mythos der Gemeinschaft: René König als Emigrant in der Schweiz
  RK-Nachrichten 1, pp. 22-33.

• [1996] La gauche a-t-elle besoin de Bourdieu? (Does the left need Bourdieu?)
  In: Liberation 15 sept 1996.

• [1997] On Recalling ANT
  Keynote speach at the 'Actor Network and After' Workshop, Keele University, July 1997.

• [1998] Virtual Society
  Annual Public Lecture, Brunel University.

• Bruno Latour
  Italian site on the philosophy of Bruno Latour.

• Kelly, Michael: Henri Lefebvre
  In: Radical Philosophy 60.
  A biographical and critical sketch.

• Monteiro, Guilhermino: Homenagem a Henri Lefebvre
  Journal a Página da Educação.

• Ross, Kristen [1993-7] Henri Lefebvre on the Situationist International

• Ross, Kristen [1999] Review of Henri Lefebvre's The Production of Space
  In: Not Bored 30, 1999.

• Ross, Kristen [1996] Review of Henri Lefebvre's Introduction to Modernity
  In: Not Bored 25, 1996.

• [1958] Structural Analysis in Linguistics and in Anthropology
  From: Claude Lévi-Strauss [1968] Structural Anthropology, Chapter II. Allen Lane: Penguin.

• [1963] The Structural Study of Myth
  From: Claude Lévi-Strauss [1963] Structural Anthropology. New York: Basic Books, pp. 202-12.

• Eribon, Didier: Claude Lévi-Stauss
  A French site on Lévi-Strauss and his work. It includes a bibliographie

• Klages, Mary (U. Colorado, Boulder) [1997]
  Claude Levi-Strauss: The Structural Study of Myth - Lecture notes on the essay.

• Causality in the South
  Niklas Luhmann, Soziale Systeme, 1995:1.
  Policies of development using legal and monetary mechanisms have not been very successful. Resistance against modernization has been explained by factors such as "tradition", "culture", "mentalities". For Luhmann these are more or less tautological explanations. He proposes to replace them by the factor "social construction of causality". Relations between causes and effects can no longer be treated as objective aspects of the world and as a question of true or false judgment. Rather, causality is an infinity of possible combinations of causes and effects which requires highly selective attribution processes to be of any cognitive or practical value. In Luhmann's mind causality is a medium of loosely couples possibilities which requires the selection of forms, i.e. tight couplings, of interesting causes and interesting effects.

• Autopoesis
  A Norwegian project on Luhmann, Bateson, Spencer, Maturana, Misheva, Massehi, Pierce and others.

• Berliner Luhmann-Kreis (BLK)

• Bornmann, Lutz (Kiel, Germany) Glossar zu Niklas Luhmanns Theorie sozialer Systeme

• Heil, Ragner (Germany) System Thinking

• Jokisch, Rodrigo
  • [1996] Logic of Distinctions - A Protologic for a Theory of Society
    English summaries of chapters I to V, from: Logik der Distinktionen. Zur Protologik einer Theorie der Gesellschaft. Opladen:Westdeutscher Verlag, 1996.

  • Glossar von Rodrigo Jokish
    A glossary from the perspective of distinction theory, reflecting an intensive interpretation of Luhmann's theory of social systems. It includes a critic and enhancement of the positions of Spencer Brown, Herbst, Guenther, Glanville, Luhmann, Parsons and Habermas.

• Jottings on Luhmann
  A discussion mailing list on Luhmann. The primary goal is to encourage the discussion of and increase the visibility of Niklas Luhmann’s work outside of his native Germany, especially in the English-speaking world. The most exciting possibility is to have at our fingertips the best resource for people, interests and events. The academic fields may range from economics to physics to law to organizational systems to social sciences, and more.

• Kopplin, Holger (Germany) "Liebe" aus systemtheoretischer Sicht
  Article on Luhmann's book "Liebe als Passion. Zur Codierung von Intimität".

• Leydesdorff, Loet [1999]
  Luhmann, Habermas, and the Theory of Communication
  In: Systems Research and Behavioral Science.

• Mein Leben mit Luhmann
  A short story from the perspective of a fictional partner of a fictional sociology professor on a fictional University of Bielefeld. All persons and events are fictional. It includes a rough glossary to Luhmann's system theory.

• Niklas Luhmann systemteori (Danish)

• Porr, Bernd [1997]
  Systemtheorie

• Provost, Wallace H.
  • [1985] Contingency and Complexity in the Social Theory of Niklas Luhmann
    Originaly published in the International Journal of General Systems, in 1985. This article illustrates the power of non-linear philosophy for explaining very difficult concepts in relatively simple terms Even with the obscure language used by Niklas Luhmann.
  • [1989] Complex Organization and Niklas Luhmann's Sociology of Law
    Published in the International Journal of General Systems, in 1989 this article uses the principles of non-linear philosophy to illustrate and expand on the brilliant approach toward the sociology of Law of Niklas Luhmann.

• Rost, Martin (Kiel, Germany) Lumännisches

  • Bibliographical Books

  • Bibliographical Articles

  • Secundary Literature

• Sociological Systems Theory presented by PASS, Project Analysis of Social Self-Organization. University of Giessen.
  The site is designed as a interdisciplinary link-collection to sites giving an overview of the wide range of research on evolution and dynamics of social systems, with a strong focus on simulation of social phenomena with agent based models (ABM).
  Introduction in the fundamentals of Luhmann's system theory. (in German)

• Tække, Jesper (Denmark)

• Terpstra, Mike (Portland, OR, USA) America on Luhmann

• Whitaker, Randall Autopoietic Theory and Social Systems: Theory and Practice

• Luhmann Mailingliste

• Bronislaw Malinowski
  A short story on his live and works, presented by the the EMuseum (Minnesota State University, Mankato, USA).

• Bronislaw Malinowski
  A short story on his live and works, presented by the Musée du quai Branly.

• Goldfarb, David A. [1994]
  Argonauts of the Western Pacific: S.I. Witkiewics and Bronislaw Malinowski

• Fischer, Robert E. Michael Mann: The Sources of Social Power [1986]

• Karl Mannheim
  A very short page with some information on Mannheim and his work.

• The Karl Mannheim Fundation
  One of the aims of this institute of sociology and social policy is to support the preservation and publication of the ouvre of outstanding Hungarian sociologists, especially Karl Mannheim, Karl Polányi, Pál Szende and István Bibó.

• [1941] Reason and Revolution: II Rise of Social Theory - III Hegel's First System

• [1964] One Dimensional Man - 5. Negative Thinking: The Defeated Logic of Protest.

• {1967] Aggressiveness in Advanced Industrial Society
  From: Negations: Essays in Critical Theory (1968)

• Herbert Marcuse's Home Page
  Created by Filip Kovacevic. Includes extensive excerpts from Marcuse's writings and links to secondary essays on-line.

• Illuminations Classics: H. Marcuse

• Bibliographie - Dialectiques

• Feenberg, Andrew (San Diego State University, USA)
  • [1992] Marcuse: Obstinacy as a Theoretical Virtue
    A comment on one of Marcuse's last speeches, first published in Capitalism, Nature, Socialism, Sept. 1992, pp. 38-40.

  • [1996] Marcuse or Habermas: Two Critiques of Technology
    Inquiry 39: 45-70.

• Hinman, J.L.
  • One-Dimensional Man in the Postmodern Age
    In: Negations Winter 1997/8.
    Hinman is re-thinking "the bourgeois subject" in the path Marcuse has created.

• Keller, Douglas
  • Biography

  • From 1984 to One-Dimensional Man

  • Marcuse, Liberation, and Radical Ecology

• Soares, Jorge Coelho
  A recepção das idéias de Marcuse no Brasil

• Steuernagel, Trudy
  • A HREF="http://www.datawranglers.com/negations/issues/98w/steurnagel_01.html">Marcuse and Biotechnology
    In: Negations Winter 1998/9.

Marxism

Socialism

• Cyber Marxisme Links
  An independent platform for radical change. There's a small list of links on Karl Marx, Rosa Luxembourg, Anarchism, Feminism and liberation movements. Editors: Adriaan Boiten and Noemi Vedi. Dutch and English version.

• Klassiker des Marxismus-Leninismus
  Some original texts of Marx, Engels and Lenin in German language.

• Marx/Engels' Writings
  A collection of writings in economic and social theory, presented by: The English Server. The search engine allows a very fast Marx/Engels search.
  

  search term(s)
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• Marx-Engels-Marxismus Forschung, Japan
  Machio Akama has created a nice index of Japanese contributions to marxist inspired science. Some articles are full text and free, but you won't understand much if you don't speak Japanese.

• Marxism Page
  Contains plain text files of marxist classics, introductions to marxist politics, contemporary marxist material etc. You can even listen to The Internationale if you like (and read the lyrics or background of the song). Created by: Rick Kuhn.

• Marxist Internet Archive - Colorado
  Contains a library (a chronology of the works of Marx and Engels), a biographical archive, a photo gallery, other marxist writers (like Lenin, Riazanov, Trotsky, and Pannekoek) and a search engine that searches the entire Marx/Engels Internet Library.
  

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  All marxists.org ---Writers--- Bryant Cannon Connolly Deleon Draper Guevara Kollonta Labriola Lenin Lunacharsy Luxemburg Maclean Mariategui Marx and Engels Morris Pablo Pannekoe Pouliop Reed Riazanov Shachtma Trotsky ---Encyclopedia--- People Places Terms Periodicals Events Orgs ---History--- USSR Spain ---Languages--- Dansk Deutsch Ellinika Espanol Francais Indonesian Italiano Nederland Norsk Polski Portugues Suomi Svenska

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  Spoon Marxism Space, The
  This marxism space is designed to enable diverse yet focussed and experimental discussions on a broad range of issues pertinent to marxism. It is conceived as an environment which increases flexibility, enables more participation, and encourages focus while still promoting cross-fertilization. Marxism space lists include:

  • marxism-and-sciences
  • marxism-feminism
  • marxism-general
  • marxism-international
  • marxism-intro
  • marxism-news
  • marxism-psych
  • marxism-thaxis

  The site also contains papers in the marxism space archive, archives of discussiens and online marxism resources.

  The Making of the Manifesto by: Bob Beamish (Dept. of Sociology, Queen's University, Ontaria, Canada.
  A paper presented for the virtual seminar of the Progressive Sociologists' Network to celebrate the 150th anniversary of the publication of the Manifesto of the Communist Party. The "Manifesto", the most widely read and defining single text in the history of modern socialism, was first published in February, 1848.

  Socialist Theory Page, The - Economic Democracy Information Network (EDIN)
  A project sponsored by UC-Berkeley's Center for Community Economic Research (CCER).

  Karl Marx Haus
  Museum in Trier, Germany.

• Biography
  Anthropology Biography Web, developed by the anthropology students at Minnesota State University, Mankato.

• [1995] Revisiting the Gift
  Anthropologie et Sociétés 19 (2/3).

• Beaucage, Pierre [1995]
  Présentation Échange et société: avant et après Mauss
  Anthropologie et Sociétés 19 (2/3): Revisiting the Gift.

• The Wisdom of Saint Marshall, the Holy Fool [Moved to ..?]- Article about communications theorist Marshall McLuhan and what he stands for.ÊFrom Wired magazine (January 1996).

• Wild Man of the Global Village - Review by John Sturrock of Laws of the Media: The New Science, by McLuhan and McLuhan. From: The New York Times (Feb. 26, 1989).

• George's Page
  A document repository for the publications of Mead. The page also provides access to related publications by other writers, including sources documents referenced by Mead, some biographical and historical notes, and commentaries on Mead's work.

  • Bibliography: documents by others

  • Mead Documents - A great service with many full-text articles.
  
  This site is a part of the Mead Project at the Department of Sociology, Brock University, in St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada.

• Fragments
  From:TS, pp. 163-617 ('The I and the Me'), pp. 739-40 ('Taking the Role of the Other'), pp. 829-30 ('Internalized Others and the Self'), pp. 999-1004 ('From Gesture to Symbol').

• On Mind as the Product of Social Interaction
  From: George Herbert Mead [1934] Mind, Self, and Society. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

• Giovanni Cozzolino [Dec. 2000]
  La psicologia sociale di George Herbert Mead
  In: Psychomedia. Sezione: Scienze e pensiero. Area: Sociologia.

"Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful, committed citizens can change the world, indeed, it's the only thing that ever has"
• Male and Female by Margeret Mead.
  A realaudio preview of this title. She explains: "What is it to be a man? What is it to be a women?"

• Margaret Mead
  Download archival footage of Margeret Mead at the American Museum of Natural History.

• Margeret Mead
  A hypertextual biography presented by Celebration of Women Anthropologists.

• The Women of the Hall: Margaret Mead
  A short biography.

• The Margaret Mead Links Pages
  The American Museum of Natural History

• Sex, Lies, and Anthropologists: The Margaret Mead - Derek Freeman Debate with Dr. Paul Shankman.

• A list of books by and about Margaret Mead
  Presented by Malaspina Great Books Home Page.

• [1957] Manifest and Latent Functions
  From: Robert K. Merton [1957] Social Theory and Social Structure. Glencoe, IL: Free Press, pp. 60-9.

• [1957] Bureaucratic Structure and Personality | mirror
  From: Robert K. Merton [1957] Social Theory and Social Structure. Glencoe, IL: Free Press, pp. 195-206.

• [1957] The Role Set: Problems in Sociological Theoty
  British Journal of Sociology, vol. 8.

• [1968] The Matthew Effect in Science: The Reward and Communication of Systems of Science are Considered [pdf]
  Science 159(3810): 56-63.

• [1968] The Matthew Effect in Science, II: Cumulative Advantage and the Symbolism of Intellectual Property [pdf]
  ISIS 79: 606-623.

• [1995] The Thomas Theorem and the Matthew Effect [pdf]
  Social Forces 74(2): 379-424.

• The Sociology of Science: Theoretical and Empirical Investigations
  Edited by Norman W. Storer. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1973, ch. 1 ('Paradigm for the Sociology of Knowledge'), ch. 13 ('The Normative Structure of Science'), ch. 14 ('Priorities in Scientific Discovery').

• Camp, Sarah (Florida State University)
  Robert K. Merton's Anomie Theory
  In Merton's anomie theory the methods of achieving one's goals are conflicted with the goal. Individuals according to their situation may take on one of the five adaptations: conformity, innovations, ritualistic, rethreatist, or rebellion. Sarah Camp explicates Morton's anomie theory and discusses some applications.

• Crimetheory.com
  Robert K. Merton's "Dream Machine"
  An Explication of Merton's Social Structure and Anomie (1938).

• Elster, Jon [1990]
  Mertons's Functionalism and the Unintended Consequences of Action
  In: Jon Clark / Celia Mogdil / Sohan Modgil (eds.) Robert Merton: Consensus and Controversy. London /New York: Falmer Press, pp. 129-35.

• Harris, C. Dodd [1996]
  The Unanticipated Consequences of Human Action: Structure-Functionalist Theory of Robert K. Merton

• Lawrence Lanahan (St. Mary's College, USA)
  Questioning Functionalism: The Distinguished Career of Robert Merton [Moved to...?]
  An article on Merton's Contribution to the Social Sciences.

• Iron Law of Oligarchy [abstract]
  From: Robert Michels [1966] Political Parties. New York: Free Press Paperback, pp. 61-62, 65-73, 81-84, 87-89, 99-100, 103-4, 109-11, 167-68, 170-71, 172-73, 177-80, 364-71.

• [1957] The Power Elite
  From: C. Wright Mills [1957] The Power Elite. New York: Harper, pp. 269-97. See also excerpts from the Third World Traveler.

• Becker, Howard S. [1994]
  Professional Sociology: The Case of C. Wright Mills
  In: Ray Rist (ed.) [1994] The Democratic Imagination: Dialogues on the Work of Irving Louis Horowitz. New Brunswick: Transaction Books, pp. 175-87.

• Elwell, Frank
  C. Wright Mills' Homepage

• Lehman, Douglas Norman (Goshen College, USA)
  Investigating the Formulation of The Power Elite
  A thorough background to what and who influenced Mills, i.e. Thorstein Veblen, Edward A. Ross, Fran Newmann and, of course, Weber.

• Sherrouse, Carl A. [1997]
  The Power Elite by C. Wright Mills

• Thomas, Rachel [1997]
  The Power Elite by C. Wright Mills
  An article review.

• The Sociological Imagination
  Animated gif of C. Wright Mills' book.

• Dr. J.L. Moreno
  A bibliography and Moreno links.

• Institutos de Psycodrama J.L. Moreno

• Claus Offe
  Information on person and work.

• [1987] Challenging the Boundaries of Institutional Politics: Social Movements since the 1960s
  In: Charles S. Maier (ed.) [1987] Challenging the Boundaries of the Political. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 63-106.

• Pareto Home Page
  From the Centre d'Etudes Interdisciplinaires Walras-Pareto at the Université de Lausanne. It includes a biography and bibliography of Pareto. French only.

• [1893] Leçon d'économie pure à l'Université de Lausanne
  History of Economics Ideas, vol. 5, no. 3, 1997.

• [1897] The New Theories of Economics
  Journal of Political Economy, vol. 5, 1897.

• [1935] Circulation of the Elites
  From Vilfredo Pareto [1935] The Mind and Society, ed. Arthur Livingston trans. Andrew Bongiomo (NewYork: Harcourt, Brace & Co.), Vols. III and IV, Sections 2026-9 and Sections 2233-6.

• Hatyt, D.G. [1999]
  Vilfredo Patero

• Thornton, Fr. James [1997]
  Vilfredo Pareto: A Concise Overview of His Life, Works, and Philosophy

• Park, R.E. / Burgess, E.W. Competition, Conflict, Accomodation and Assimilation
  From: Lewis A. Coser [1977] Masters of Sociological Thought, pp. 366-367.

• Park - Dead Sociologist Society
  Biografical information and a summary of his ideas.

• Talcott Parsons on Institutions and Social Evolution: Selected Writings [extract]
  Edited by Leon R. Mayhew. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1982, chs. 1-5 (early writings), ch. 6 ('The Pattern Variables'), ch. 7 ('Integration and Institutionalization'), ch. 9 ('Illness and the Role of the Physician'), ch. 15 ('On the Concept of Influence'), ch. 19 ('Evolutionary Universals in Society').

• [1937] The Unit Act of Social Systems
  From: Talcott Parsons [1937] The Structure of Social Action. New York: Free Press, pp. 43-8.

• [1939] The Professions and Social Structure
  Essays in Sociological Theory. Glencoe IL; Free Press, 1954, ch. 2.

• [1942] Age and Sex in the Social Structure of the U.S. [extract]
  From: Talcott Parsons [1954] Essays in Sociological Theory. Glencoe IL; Free Press, ch. 5.

• [1943] Sex Roles in American Kinship System
  From: Talcott Parsons [1954] "The Kinship System of the Contemporary United States", Essays in Sociological Theory. New York: Free Press, pp. 189-94.

• [1956] Suggestions for a Sociological Approach to the Theory of Organizations
  In: Administrative Science Quarterly (1956): 63-85, 225-39.

• [1971] Action Systems and Social Systems
  From: Talcott Parsons [1971] The System of Modern Societies. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, pp.4-8.

• An Outline of the Social System, pp. 30-79.

• Bornmann, Lutz (Kiel, German)
  Grundzüge der struktur-funktionalen Theorie nach Talcott Parsons
  Basic elements of Talcott Parsons' structural functionalism.

• The Karl Popper Web
  Information on person and work of Karl Popper, including a Newsletter archive. Editor: Ray Scott Percival.

• Burgess, Mike [1996]
  A discussion of Karl Popper's critique of Marxism in The Open Society and its Enemies, and The Poverty of Historicism

• Jira, Milan
  In Memoriam - Karl Popper in Prague

• Yue-Ching Ho, Eugene /Lund, Pui-Chong [1994]
  Sir Karl Raimund Popper: In Memoriam
  Originally published in Intellectus, 32: 1-3.

• Original Texts
  • [1750] Discours sur les Sciences et les Arts (Discourse on the Sciences and the Arts)

  • [1754] Discours sur L'origine et les Fondements des inégalités parmi les hommes | What is the origin of inequality among men, and is it authorised by natural law? (translated by G.D.H. Cole).

  • [1755] A Discourse on Political Economy | text edition

  • [1762] Émile, ou l'education
    French and English version, translated by Grace Roosevelt. Presented by the Institute for Learning Technologies.

  • [1762] Du Contract Social ou Principes du Droit politique (Athena)| Du Contract Social ou Principes du Droit politique (Abu) | The Social Contract or Principles of Political Right (translated by G. D. H. Cole) | extract

  • [1782] Les Confessions | The Confessions (translated by W. Conyngham Mallory) | The Confessions of Jean-Jacques Rousseau (translated by W. Conyngham Mallory).

  • Les rêveries du promenuer solitaire (Abu)
  
  

• On Rousseau

  • Accueil Rousseau, citoyen de Geneve
    Information on Rousseau's life, writings, people and places associated with him. In French.

  • Jean-Jacques Rousseau
    A short bibliographical page on Rousseau. Written by Garth Kemerling.

  • Jean-Jacques Rousseau
    A brief article in "The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy".

  • Jean-Jacques Rousseau Association
    Information on the man, his works, his music, including images of Rousseau and his world.

  • Rousseau
    Björn Christensson Guide to Philosophy.

  • Rousseau Biography
    by Daniel Kolak in Lovers of Wisdom (Wadsworth, 1997).

  • Rousseau's Page

  • Roosevelt, Grace [1999]
    The Usefulness of Rousseau's Emile to Inner-City Adult Students
    Presented at the American Society for Eighteenth-Century Studies Meeting. Milwaukee, Wisconsin, March 28, 1999.

  • Article on "The Social Contract" in the The Catholic Encyclopedia - Wrtten by G.M. Sauvage.

  • Rouseau Discussion List. To subscribe send the message "SUB rousseau" to listserv@think.net.

• The Person
  From: Lewis A. Coser [1977] Masters of Sociological Thought, pp. 194-95.

• [1862] First Principles

• [1900] A Chapter in the Philosophy of Value
  American Journal of Sociology, vol. 5, 1900.

• [1910/11] How is Society Possible?
  American Journal of Sociology, vol. 16, 1910-11. The same text from ecn.bris.ac.uk or unimeld.edu.au

• Conflict as Sociation
  From Kurt H. Wolff, (Trans.) [1950] The Sociology of Georg Simmel. Glencoe, IL: The Free Press, pp. 13-17.

• The Stranger
  From Kurt Wolff (Trans.) [1950] The Sociology of Georg Simmel. New York: Free Press, pp. 402-8.

• On individuality and social forms
  Chicago: University of Chicago Press, Ch. 9 ('Sociability'), ch. 16 ('Subjective Culture').

• Georg Simmel Online
  Presented by: Sociology in Switzerland. Some major works of Simmel in German language. Editing committe: Christoph Brönnimarin, Hans Geser, Jürgen Stremlow (Sociological Institute, Zürich, Switzerland). It contains: Zur Soziologie der Familie (1895); Zu einer Theorie des Pessimismus (1900); Sozialismus und Pessimismus (1900); Persönliche und sachliche Kultur (1900); Soziologie. Untersuchungen Ÿber die Formen der Vergesellschaftung (1908); Philosophische Kultur (1919),

• The Person

• Sociology of Knowledge
  From: Lewis A. Coser [1977] Masters of Sociological Thought, pp. 469-72.

• Social Mobility
  From: Pitirim Sorokin [1959] Social and Cultural Mobility. New York: Free Press.

• [1852] Use and Beauty
  From: The Works, vol. 14; 1966 Osnabrück.

• [1862] First Principles
  London: Williams & Norgate.

• [1864] Laws in General

• [1864] Reasons for Dissenting from the Phuilosophy of M. Comte

• [1884] The man versus the State

• [1896] The Principles of Sociology
  From: Robert Bierstedt, The Making of Society. New York: Modern Library, 1959, pp. 253-73.

• The Nature of Society [excerpt]

• Spencer Bibliography
  Works by and about Spencer. Editor: Ed Stephan (Western Washington Univ.).

• Published Work of Herbert Spencer

• Sciabarra, Chris Matthews [1999]
  The First Dialectical Libertarian
  First Published in the August 1999 issue of Liberty.

• Graber, Robert Bates (Truman State University, USA)
  Founding Figures: Herbert Spencer

• F.W. Taylor Collection - Samuel C. Williams Library, USA
  
  Contains original manuscripts, drawings, artifacts and books by and about Frederick Winslow Taylor, Class of 1883, originator of Scientific Management. Elizabeth Gardner Hayward (Stevens Institute of Technology Hoboken, New Jersey, USA) has written A Classified Guide to this collection. It covers the life and work of Taylor, an explanation of the Principles of Scientific Management, and the details of the system itself. There is a special search page on Taylor for beginners, and for experts.

• The F. W. Taylor Project
  The F. W. Taylor Project is preserving and disseminating the F. W. Taylor Collection at the Stevens Institute of Technology by establishing the on-line Taylor archive to digitally store and represent the contents of the collection. The Taylor archive is described in the Introduction to the Taylor Archive and can be accessed by completing the brief tutorial. Editor: Robert R. Downs.

• [1911] The Principles of Scientific Management - Text provided by Eric Eldred.

• Frank and Lillian Gilbreth
  The Gilbreth's motion studies on how a task was done, and how best to eliminate unneeded, fatiguing steps in any process. Their work is commonly linked with Taylor's time studies and grouped within the various 'laws and principles' of scientific management.

• Becker, T. [1996]
  Industrieller und technologischer Wandel
  An analysis of the history of production methods: pre-industrial production, industrial mass production (Taylorism, Fordism) en Toyotisms.

• Benschop, Albert (Univ. of Amsterdam)
  Het Scientific Management van Frederick W. Taylor (in Dutch)

• Kaiser, Walter [1994] (Aachen, Germany)
  Von Taylor und Ford zur "lean production"
  Analyses the historical development of mass production, the introduction of taylorism in Europe, and emergence of the flexible or lean production in Japan.

• Kuchenbrod, Matthias
  Frederick Winslow Taylor (1856-1915) - Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der modernen Rationalisierung
  A study on taylorism as a secular form of the protestant ethic.

• Reshef, Yonatan (Alberta, Canada)
  Taylor: Scientific Management

• Sandrone, Vincenzo (Sydney, Australia)
  Taylorism

• Scientific Management - The Journal of Management History: Contents, Volume 1 Number 2.

• Smulyan, Susan (Brown University) and Vandenberg-Davis, Jodi (National History Day)
  Factories and Technology in Industrializing America
  A history course that examines the 'modernization' of factories and of work practices in fractories from different perspectives. The first two parts of the lesson examine the modernization of the textile industry in the North and South, the third part concentrates on 'scientific management' as a prescription for thoroughly modernizing workers, machines and management practices.

• [1896] The Scope and Method of Folk-Psychology
  American Journal of Sociology 1: 434-45.

• [1897] On a Difference in the Metabolism of the Sexes
  American Journal of Sociology 3: 31-64.

• [1905] The Province of Social Psychology
  American Journal of Sociology 10: 445-455.

• [1907] Sex and Society: Studies in the Social Psychology of Sex
  Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

• [1908a] The Significance of the Orient for the Occident
  American Journal of Sociology 13: 729-42.

• [1908b] Response to Reinsch, Tenney, Unger, Asakawa, and Jenks Discussion of W.I. Thomas, "The Significance of the Orient for the Occident"
  American Journal of Sociology 13: 754-55.

• [1908c] The Older and Newer Ideals of Marriage
  American Magazine 67: 546-52.

• [1909] Women and the Occupations
  American Magazine 68: 463-70.

• [1923] The Unadjusted Girl with cases and standpoint for behavior analysis
  Boston: Little Brown and Company.

• [1923] Definition of the Situation
  From: W. I. Thomas [1923] The Unadjusted Girl. Boston: Little, Brown, and Co. The same article from California (Buck Kaplan)

• Bibliography of W.I. Thomas

• [1835] Democracy in America
  Still one of the most influential works in political thought. Tocqueville's America is a project of the American Studies Programs at The University of Virginia. They take up the task of re-contextualizing Tocqueville's famous political and cultural analysis of American democracy. The objective is, over time, to return that book to its origins, to the America of 1831-32. For it was on that very specific ground and at that very specific historical moment that Tocqueville stood.

• Noble, Mike [1995] A Biography of Alexis de Tocqueville

• In Search of Tocqueville's Democracy in America
  Contains a biography, information on Tocqueville's visit to America, modern references to Tocqueville and a list of resources.

• Democracy in America: Tocqueville's America
  A project of the American Studies Program at The University of Virginia that wants to re-contextualize Tocqueville's famous political and cultural analysis of American democracy. Prepare yourself for a virtual tour to America of 1831.

• Pitney, John J. [1995] The Tocqueville Fraud

• Democracy in the 21st Century: Teaching with Tocqueville Teaching Modules
  Presented by c-span.org.

• Great Books Index: Alexis de Tocqueville

• Alvin Toffler: still shocking after all these years
  New Scientist meets the controversial futurologist. New Scientist, 19 March 1994, pp. 22-25.

• Perspectives for a Changing World
  A Return Visit with Alvin Toffler, by: Mary Eisenhart. Microtimes, 1995.

• Books by Alvin Toffler

• Ferdinand Tönnies-Gesellschaft
  The aim of the Ferdinand Tönnies Society is to cultivate the spiritual legacy of Tönnies. The FTG maintains a Tönnies-Forum (free for members). The main activitie is the realisation of the complete works of Tönnies (De Gruyter).

• On Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft
  Reprinted from Community and Society: Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft by Ferdinand Tonnies, translated and edited by Charles P. Loomis, pp. 223-31. 1957, The Michigan State University Press.
  Tonnies makes a distinction between two basic types of social groups. Groups in which membership is sustained by some instrumental goal or definite end he termed Gemeinschaft (often translated as community). Groups in which the membership is based on a feeling of togetherness he termed Gesellschaft (often translated as society). Gemeinschaft is exemplified by the family or neighborhood; Gesellschaft, by the city or the state.

• Ferdinand Tönnies Gesamtausgabe
  Complete works of Tönnies by De Gruyter.

• Deflem, Mathieu [1999] (Purdue University)
  Ferdinand Tönnies on Crime and Society - An Unexplored Contribution to Criminological Sociology
  In: History of the Human Sciences 12(3): 87-116.

• [1884] Lectures on The Industrial Revolution in England | mirror
  Discusses the industrial and agrarian revolution at the end of the 18th and beginning of the 19th centuries. The first part deals with Adam Smith (England on the eve of the Industrial revolution and the causes of wealth), the second part deals with Malthus (distribution of wealth and causes of poverty), the third part deals with Ricardo (doctrine of rent and wages and theories of economic progress).

• Arnold Toynbee on Bertrand Russell

• Library of Congress Citations

• Marshall, Alfred [1887] On Arnold Toynbee
  From: A. Marshall On Arnold Toynbee, introduced and edited by John K. Wothaker, Marshall Studies Bulletin 8: 45-8.

• Creative Quotations from Arnold Toynbee (1852-1883)
  For instance: "It is a paradoxical but profound true and important principle of life that the most likely way to reach a goal is to be aiming not at that goal itself but at some more ambitious goal beyond it."

• Totten, Bill Arnold Toynbee on the Industrial Revolution

• [1898-9] The Beginning of Ownership
  American Journal of Sociology, vol. 4, 1898-9.

• [1898-9] The Barbarian Status of Women
  American Journal of Sociology, vol. 4, 1898-9.

• [1898-9] The Instrinct of Workmanship and the Irksomeness of Labor
  American Journal of Sociology, vol. 4, 1898-9.

• [1899] The Theory of the Leisure Class: An Economic Study of Institutions | mirror at McMaster
  New York: The Macmillan Company.

• [1902] Conspicuous Consumption
  From Thorstein Veblen [1902] The Theory of the Leisure Class: An Economic Study of Institutions. New York:Macmillan, pp. 68-101.

• [1904] The Theory of Business Enterprise | mirror at McMaster
  New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.

• [1906] The Socialist Economics of Karl Marx and his Followers (Part 1)
  The Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol. 20, 1906.

• [1906] The Socialist Economics of Karl Marx and his Followers (Part 2)
  The Substance of Lectures before students in Harvard University in April, 1906 (text files at McMaster).

• [1917] An Inquiry into the Nature of Peace and the Terms of its Perpetuation=
  New York: The Macmillan Company.

• [1918] The Higher Learning in America

• [1919] The Vested Interests and the Common Man

• Biographical information and links to other text.

• Veblen: McMaster University Archive

• World System Theory
  From Immanuel Wallerstein [1976] The Modern World-System: Capitalist Agriculture and the Origins of the European World-Economy in the Sixteenth Century. New York: Academic Press, pp. 229-33.

• Social Science and Contemporary Society: The Vanishing Guarantees of Rationality
  Inaugural Address, Convegno Internazionale di Studi of Associazione Italiana di Sociologia, Palermo, October 26-28,1995.

• Learning to Labor: How the Working Class Kids Get Working Class Jobs
  New York: Columbia Univ. Press [1977/81], chs. 2, 8.

References

• Dead Sociologists Society
  A list of the various theorists, some biographical information and a summary of their work. Comte, Marx, Spencer, Durkheim, Simmel, Weber, Veblen, Cooley, Mead, Park, Pareto and Sorokin.

• Great Thinkers and Visionaries
  The live and works of great thinkers, from Leonado Da Vinci via Newton and Einstein to Chomsky and Hawking. Provided by Alexander Chislenko.

• Personal Home pages of Sociologists (SocioSite)

• Sociological Thinkers - Sociology Cafe.

• Timeline of Sociology from 1600
  A chronological list of sociologists. Editor: Ed Stephan (Western Washington University, USA).