In the News . . .

• ‘Brands to avoid’: Mars and Cadbury among chocolate firms criticised in ethics report -- The Guardian (2 December 2023)
  
  
• Your chocolate bar - my family's struggle -- BBCNews (25 November 2023)
  
  
• Mars Wrigley factory fined after two workers fall into chocolate vat -- BBCFuture (12 February 2023)
  
  
• The sweet spot: is ethical and affordable chocolate possible? -- The Guardian (21 January 2023)
  
  
• Why is American chocolate so disgusting? You really don’t want to know -- The Guardian (04 January 2023)
  
  
• How Ivory Coast is winning the fight to keep its children out of the cocoa fields -- The Guardian (27 December 2022)
  
  
• What Is Chocolate Bloom, That White Coating on Chocolate Bars? -- Bon Appétit (11 December 2022)
  
  
• 8 Chocolate Brands That Use the Lowest Quality Ingredients -- Eat This Not That (28 September 2022)
  
  
• Dark chocolate bars that hit the spot -- The Guardian (04 September 2022)
  
  
• Ivory Coast Supplies the World With Cocoa. Now It Wants Some for Itself -- The New York Times (13 August 2022)
  
  
• Is dark chocolate really good for you? -- BBCFuture (11 August 2022)
  
  
• Oxford Street: Counterfeit chocolate 'worth £100,000' seized -- BBCNews (15 June 2022)
  
  
• How science is making chocolate taste even better -- BBCNews (02 July 2022)
  
  
• Workers rescued after tumbling into vat of chocolate at Mars Wrigley factory -- The Guardian (10 June 2022)
  
  
• The world's true cradle of chocolate [Belize] -- BBCTravel (23 May 2022)
  
  
• A fan of black coffee and dark chocolate? It's in your genes, a new study says -- CNNFood (29 December 2021)
  
  
• Good or bad? Top cardiologist gives verdict on chocolate, coffee and wine -- The Guardian (19 November 2021)
  
  
• If you love potatoes, tomatoes or chocolate thank Indigenous Latin American cultures -- MPRnews (21 September 2021)
  
  
• Scientists May Have Just Found a Way to Make Chocolate Tempering Much Easier -- science alert (04 September 2021)
  
  
• Academy of Chocolate, London
  
  • Awards
    
    
• The Great European Union Chocolate Battle -- UW European Studies (n.d.)
  
  
• Look, Just Keep Filling the Chocolate Dish -- The New York Times (21 May 2021)
  
  
• Ghana's farmers eye sweet success from chocolate -- BBCNews (10 April 2021)
  
  
• Chocolate-free traditions: celebrating Easter with pickled fish, strong eggs and prayer -- The Guardian (03 April 2021)
  
  
• How Brexit Ruined Easter for Britain’s Chocolate Makers -- The New York Times (03 April 2021)
  
  
• Climate change: Consumer pose 'growing threat' to tropical forests -- BBCNews (29 March 2021)
  
  
• Who hasn’t eaten chocolate spread straight out of the jar, and mistaken it for love? -- The Guardian (19 March 2021)
  
  
• 'I ate 40kg of chocolate': Yorkshire teacher, 21, on rowing solo across the Atlantic -- The Guardian (21 February 2021)
  
  
• Japanese lose taste for Valentine's ‘obligation chocs’ under Covid -- The Guardian (12 February 2021)
  
  
• High intake of chocolate in morning helps reduce blood sugar and weight: Study -- Medical Dialogues (25 January 2021)
  
  
• Chocolate industry slammed for failure to crack down on child labour -- The Guardian (20 October 2020)
  
  
• Last Call: The greatest American divide is between chocolate and not-chocolate candy -- The Takeout (08 October 2020)
  
  
• Malfunction at Swiss chocolate factory sends out plume of cocoa 'snow' -- The Guardian (18 August 2020)
  
  
• How chocolate ‘fingerprints’ could help prove sustainability claims -- FOODnavigator (09 July 2020)
  
  
• Food History: Chocolate (12:10) -- Mental Floss (27 May 2020)
  
  
• Why Is This Chocolate Shimmering Like a Rainbow? -- The New York Times (21 May 2020)
  
  
• Mars patents heat-resistant chocolate that maintains taste and shape in hot climates -- FOODnavigator (30 April 2020)
  
  
• 'Female cocoa farmers paid as little as 23p a day' -- BBCNews (24 February 2020)
  
  
• Nestle axes low sugar chocolate due to weak sales -- BBCNews (13 February 2020)
  
  
• Cacao not gold: ‘chocolate trees’ offer future to Amazon tribes -- The Guardian (25 January 2020)
  
  
• Chocolate's Heart of Darkness -- Top Documentary Films (42:21 min., 2019)
  
  
• 'Sugar overload' warning for festive hot drinks -- BBCNews (03 December 2019)
  
  
• It takes 21 litres of water to produce a small chocolate bar. How water-wise is your diet? -- The Guardian (06 October 2019)
  
  
• 'Forever chemicals' found in seafood, meats and chocolate cake, FDA says -- The Guardian (03 June 2019)
  
  
• Is the hunt for a white chocolate Creme Egg making Britain’s kids obese? -- The Guardian (19 March 2019)
  
  
• White Day: Japan’s reverse Valentine’s Day -- BBCcapital (14 March 2019)
  
  
• Japanese women push back against Valentine's tradition of 'obligation chocolate' -- The Guardian (11 February 2019)
  
  
• Chaos and the chocolate factory as leak smothers German street -- TheGuardian (11 December 2019)
  
  
• Brexit: How will it affect chocolate supplies? -- BBCNews (04 December 2018)
  
  
• Ghana's red-hot funerals: Buried in a chilli pepper -- BBCNews (26 November 2018)
  
  
• Humans indulged a taste for chocolate a millennium earlier than realized -- nature (01 November 2018)
  
  
• Chocolate gets its sweet history rewritten -- National Geographic (31 October 2018)
  
  
• Chocolate: Origins of delicacy pushed back in time -- BBCNews (30 October 2018)
  
  
• The use and domestication of Theobroma cacao during the mid-Holocene in the upper Amazon -- nature ecology & evolution (29 October 2018)
  
  
  • Zarrillo, S., Gaikwad, N., Lanaud, C. et al. The use and domestication of Theobroma cacao during the mid-Holocene in the upper Amazon. Nat Ecol Evol 2, 1879–1888 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-018-0697-x link
    
    

• Sweet discovery pushes back the origins of chocolate -- ScienceDaily (29 October 2018)
  
  
• Origin of chocolate shifts 1,400 miles and 1,500 years -- TheGuardian (29 October 2018)
  
  
• Big in Japan: Kit Kats -- The New York Times (24 October 2018)
  
  
• Can chocolate sweeten a bitterly divided US? -- BBCNews (07 October 2018)
  
  
• Moves to clean up chocolate industry are racing ahead -- TheGuardian (26 July 2018)
  
  
• What’s in a name: France’s fight over chocolate pastry -- BBCTravel (24 July 2018)
  
  
• The big scoop: America's favorite ice-cream flavor, revealed -- TheGuardian (11 July 2018)
  
  
• WW1 soldier's 103-year-old chocolate found -- BBCNews (02 June 2017)
  
  
• Belgium sheds a chocolate tear as another manufacturer sold off -- TheGuardian (31 May 2018)
  
  
• Overlooked No More: Ruth Wakefield, Who Invented the Chocolate Chip Cookie -- The New York Times (16 May 2017)
  
  
• Choc horror: four-fingered KitKat set to lose protected EU status -- TheGuardian (19 April 2018)
  
  
• The dark truth about chocolate -- TheGuardian (25 March 2018)
  
  
• Never a dull moment: snortable chocolate? -- FoodPolitics, Marion Nestle (19 December 2017)
  
  
• Does eating chocolate make brains younger? -- BBCPlayerRadio (14 December 2017)
  
  
• Senator urges regulation of 'snortable chocolate' -- The Telegraph (09 July 2017)
  
  
• How long does it take to burn off a chocolate bar? -- BBCfuture (05 July 2017)
  
  
• Chocolate Aplenty, but Nary a Wonka Bar to Be Found -- NYTimes 03 July 2017)
  
  
• The Syrian refugees finding hope in chocolate -- BBCcapital (06 Matrch 2017)
  
  
• The history of chocolate -- Deanna Pucciarelli, TEDEd
  
  
• Prince Charles and chocolate companies pledge to end deforestation in cocoa industry -- The Telegraph (16 March 2017)
  
  
• The secret of why we like to eat chocolate -- BBCNews (24 February 2017)
  
  
• Cake or biscuit? Why Jaffa Cakes excite philosophers -- BBCNews (20 February 2017)
  
  
• Mars bars, KitKats and Dairy Milk chocolates to get smaller in new sugar crackdown -- The Telegraph (05 February 2017)
  
  
• Chocolate Sculpture, With a Bitter Taste of Colonialism -- The New York Times (02 February 2017)
  
  
• Deconstructed Nutella: nuts, cocoa – and 58% sugar -- TheGuardian (20 January 2017)
  
  
• Chocolate vs. vegetables: The true environmental costs -- BBCfuture (27 November 2016)
  
  
• Toblerone Alters Shape of 2 Chocolate Bars, and Fans Are Outraged -- The New York Times (08 November 20167)
  
  
• Hospitals in England to ban 'super-size' chocolate bars -- BBCNews (16 October 2017)
  
  
• A Battle to Save the World’s Favorite Treat: Chocolate -- The New York Times (25 September 2017)
  
  
• British researchers say they have solved the global chocolate crisis with an ingenious replacement for cocoa butter -- The Telegraph (04 September 2016)
  
  
• Say hello to hygge: The Danish secret to happiness -- The Telegraph (27 August 2016)
  
  
• MN State Fair's special beer 2016: Chocolate Chip Cookie -- TwinCitiesPioneerPress (17 August 2016)
  
  
• Australians eating too much junk food, report finds -- BBCNews (10 August 2016)
  
  
• Doctors may encourage moderate dark chocolate consumption after latest health links: Researchers -- NUTRAingredients (29 March 2016)
  
  
• Caffeine: The World’s Most Popular Drug -- Gastropod (22 March 2016)
  
  
• A Whole Field of Psychology Research May Be Bunk. Scientists Should Be Terrified -- Slate (06 March 2016)
  
  
• Report: More pollinators species in jeopardy, threatening world food supply -- MPRNews (28 February 2016)
  
  
• How the Mast Brothers fooled the world into paying $10 a bar for crappy hipster chocolate -- QUARTZ (17 December 2015)
  
  
• Italy's secret chocolate town -- BBCNews (23 September 2015)
  
  
• Lindt beats Haribo in legal battle over gold chocolate bear -- BBCNews (23 September 2015)
  
  
• 1,000 Years Ago, Caffeinated Drinks Had Native Americans Buzzing -- NPR (08 September 2015)
  
  
• Can people learn to curb their chocolate cravings? -- BBCNews (29 July 2015)
  
  
• Chocolate, Chocolate, It's Good For Your Heart, Study Finds -- NPR (19 June 2015)
  
  
• Is Chocolate Driving Monkeys Into Extinction? -- Scientific American (03 April 2015)
  
  
• I nearly drowned in chocolate -- BBCNews (31 March 2015)
  
  
• Argentines taste giant Easter egg -- BBCNews (28 March 2015)
  
  
• Chocolate wars: Do children prefer US or UK Cadbury's? -- BBCNews (18 March 2015)
  
  
• Does Cadbury chocolate taste different in different countries? -- BBCNews (18 March 2015)
  
  
• Chocolate Week -- Smithsonian (12 February 2015)
  
  
• How Chocolate and Valentine's Day Mated For Life -- Amy Henderson, Smithsonian (12 February 2015)
  
  
• Why hot chocolate might be more American than apple pie -- MPRNews (11 February 2015)
  
  
• Chocolate snorting offers new way to a cocoa high -- Reuters (06 February 2015)
  
  
• US fans outraged over Cadbury change -- BBCNews (04 February 2015)
  
  
• Inhalable chocolate? Ideas from the lab for senses -- MPR (10 November 2014)
  
  
• Cargill sweetens its chocolate pot-- MPR (03 September 2014)
  
  
• These 5 crops are still hand-harvested, and it's hard work -- MPR (03 September 2014)
  
  
• How dark chocolate, not milk chocolate, may help blood flow -- MPRNews (02 July 2014)
  
  
• Thank your gut bacteria for making chocolate healthful -- MPRNews (18 March 2014)
  
  
• The Sweet History of Chocolate -- History (13 February 2014)
  
  
• Who, what, why: Does the shape of chocolate change its taste? -- BBCNews (25 September 2013)
  
  
• Leicester academic finds 'first' iced chocolate recipe -- BBCNews (31 August 2013)
  
  
• Chocolate craving comes from total sensory pleasure -- BBCNews (26 July 2013)
  
  
• Is Ecuador home to the world's best chocolate? -- BBCNews (05 June 2013)
  
  
• Chocolate in History: Food, Medicine, Medi-Food -- PubMed Central (14 May 2013)
  
  
• Chocolate: The rise of the cocoa purists -- BBCNews (29 March 2013)
  
  
• Mexican Chocolate: A Short History & Recipe -- Jennifer Moncayo, thelatinkitchen (28 January 2013)
  
  
• North Americans Were Enjoying Chocolate 1,200 Years Ago, Researchers Conclude -- Washington Post (28 January 2013)
  
  
• Earliest Evidence of Chocolate in North America -- Science (22 January 2013)
  
  
• Have a Break … The Secrets of Chocolate -- Guardian (31 December 2012)
  
  
• Holy Mole! Chocolate Found on Ancient Mexican Plates -- MSNBC (03 August 2012)
  
  
• Nothing Like Chocolate -- Bullfrog Films | 2012 | 68 minutes | Watch now
  
  
• The Chocolate Farmer -- Natl Film Board of Canada | 2010 | 52 minutes | Watch now

• 10 Things Snack Food Companies Won't Say -- SmartMoney (15 November 2010)
  
  
• About Chocolate -- Cadbury.co.uk
  
  
• Bonello, Giovanni. "The Maltese who Pioneered Chocolate in Europe" [Gian Francesco Buonamico (1639-1680), author of Trattato della Cioccolata]. Histories of Malta: Deceptions and Perceptions, Volume One. Fondazzjoni Patrimonju Malti. Valleta, Malta: Patrimonju Publishing, Ltd. 2000, 79-84.
  
  
• A Brief History of Chocolate, Food of the Gods -- Athena Review Vol.2, no.2
  
  
• Ancient Americans Liked Chocolate, Too -- MSNBC (12 November 2007)
  
  
• Ancient Chocolate Found in Maya "Teapot" (July 17, 2002)
  
  
• Ancient North Americans drank chocolate -- MSNBC (02 February 2009)
  
  
• A Rich History of Chocolate in North America -- Science (02 February 2009)
  
  
• Batchelder, Tim. “The cultural pharmacology of chocolate.” Townsend Letter for Doctors and Patients, November 2004. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0ISW/is_256/ai_n6258861/.
  
  
• Cadbury.co.uk
  • About Chocolate
  • History Of Chocolate
    
    
• film: Chocolat (122 min., 2000, DVD 1074, VC 2224 [1990])
  
  
• "Chocolate and Holidays—A Long History" -- National Geographic News (3/29/02)
  
  
• chocolate.org
  • Psychoactive food: chocolate
  • Theobroma cacao
    
    
• Chocolate: A Resource Guide. Science Reference Guide -- Library of Congress
  
  
• Chocolate Began as Beer-Like Brew 3,100 Years Ago -- Reuters (11 November 2007)
  
  
• Chocolate Fashion at Salon Du Chocolat in Cairo, Egypt -- Telegraph (2010)
  
  
• CHOCOLATE: Food of the Gods -- Albert R. Mann Library, Cornell University
  
  
• Chocolate History -- Kakawa Chocolate House
  
  
• Chocolate History & Information -- The Nibble: The Magazine about Speciality Foods
  
  
• Chocolate origins traced back to beer makers 3,000 years ago -- Willie Drye, National Geographic News (12 November 2007)
  
  
• Chocolate recipes -- BBC Food
  
  
• Chocolate Review
  
  
• Chocolate Timeline
  
  
• [VIDEO] Chocolate to Save Forests? -- National Geographic News (19 March 2008)
  
  
• Chocophilia -- Barry Callebaut
  
  
• The Choco Story -- The Chocolate Museum, Belgium
  
  
• Coe, Sophie D. and Michael D. Coe. Généalogie du chocolat. Abbeville, Paris, 1998.
  
  
• Constructing quality: The multinational histories of chocolate -- Julie L. Cidella and Heike C. Alberts. Geoforum. Volume 37, Issue 6, November 2006, Pages 999-1007
  
  
• Dillinger, Teresa L., Patricia Barriga, Sylvia Escárcega, Martha Jimenez, Diana Salazar Lowe, and Louis E. Grivetti. “Food of the Gods: Cure for Humanity? A Cultural History of the Medicinal and Ritual Use of Chocolate.” The American Society for Nutritional Sciences, 2000. http://jn.nutrition.org/content/130/8/2057S.long.
  
  
• Divine Chocolate -- "the Fairtrade Chocolate Company co-owned by the cocoa farmers cooperative Kuapa Kokoo in Ghana"
  
  
• Cocoa: Tree, Pod, Bean and Powder -- JustFoodNow (19 January 2011)
  
  
• Dreiss, Meredith L. and Sharon Edgar Greenhill. Chocolate: Pathway to the Gods. Tucson, AZ: The University of Arizona Press, 2008.
  
  
• Earliest Chocolate Drink Found -- Telegraph (12 November 2007)
  
  
• Eight ancient drinks uncorked by science -- msnbc (15 December 2009)
  
  
• "The EU Chocolate Wars": A run-up to Scaling
  • slides
    
    
• Eurochocolate -- Perugia, Italy
  • Etruscan Chocohotel
    
    
• First Chocoholics in U.S. Found in New Mexico?-- National Geographic News (02 February 2009)
  
  
• Gourmet Chocolate -- gourmet-chocolate.co.uk
  
  
• Grivetti, Louis E., and Howard-Yana Shapiro, Chocolate: History, Culture, and Heritage. Wiley, 2009.
  
  
• History of Chocolate -- Cadbury.co.uk
  
  
• History of Chocolate -- Chicago Field Museum
  
  
• International Cocoa Organization
  
  
• In Venezuela, Plantations of Cacao Stir Bitterness -- New York Times (28 July 2009)
  
  
• IxCacao - The Mayan Goddess of Chocolate -- The Cyber Temples of The Gods
  
  
• film: Like Water for Chocolate (105 min., 1993)
  
  
• McNeil, Cameron (Ed.). Chocolate in Mesoamerica: A Cultural History of Cacao. Gainesville, FL:University Press of Florida, 2009.
  
  
• Moss, Sarah, and Alexander Badenoch. Chocolate: A Global History. London: Reaktion Books, 2009.
  
  
• Newman, Kara. The Secret Financial Life of Food: From Commodities Markets to Supermarkets. Columbia University Press, 2012.
  
  
• Nothing Like Chocolate [film] -- Kum-Kum Bhavnani, Director [Distributor information]
  
  
• Ortega, Oscar, AtelierOrtega, Jackson Hole, WY
  
  
• Powis, Terry G., W. Jeffrey Hurst, María del Carmen Rodríguez, Ponciano Ortíz C., Michael Blake, David Cheetham, Michael D. Coe & John G. Hodgson (December 2007). "Oldest chocolate in the New World". Antiquity 81 (314).
  
  
• The True History of Chocolate, Third Edition, Sophie D. Coe and Michael D. Coe. London: Thames & Hudson, 2013 [1996].
  
  
• The True History of Chocolate, a lecture by Michael D. Coe, Professor of Anthropology Emeritus, Yale University, presented at the Dallas Museum of Art, 20 April 2006, as part of the Boshell Family Lecture Series on Archaeology
  • Listen (55 min)
  • Transcript
    
    
• Love of chocolate 'fuelled by naughty status' -- Telegraph (9 Septemberber 2007)
  
  
• A new breed of racing car runs on vegetable oil and chocolate -- The Scout Report (15 May 2009)
  
  
• The Origins of Chocolate -- The Vaults of Erowid
  
  
• Photo: First Edible Billboard -- National Geographic News (April 3, 2007)
  
  
• Pre-Dating the Love of Chocolate -- BBC News (13 November 2007)
  
  
• Prehistoric Americans Traded Chocolate for Turquoise? -- National Geographic News (29 March 2011)
  
  
• Presilla, Maricel E. The New Taste of Chocolate: A Cultural & Natural History of Cacao with Recipes. Ten Speed Press, 2009
  
  
• Psychoactive food: chocolate -- chocolate.org
  
  
• Revealed: The 3,000-Year-Old Mug of Cocoa -- Guardian (13 November 2007)
  
  
• Royal Criollo Cacao of Xoconusco
  
  
• The science behind desire for chocolate -- Telegraph (15 October 07)
  
  
• Science and Nature - Chocolate -- BBC Science and Nature
  
  
• Steingarten, Jeffrey. It Must've Been Somethin I Ate. NY: Alfred A. Knopf, 2002.
  
  
• The sweet science of chocolate -- Exploratorium.edu
  
  
• Sweet Trading: Chocolate May Have Linked Prehistoric Civilizations -- Live Science (01 April 2011)
  
  
• Timmerman, Kelsey. Where Am I Eating?: An Adventure Through the Global Food Economy with Discussion Questions and a Guide to Going "Glocal". Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2014.
  
  
• Teubner, Christian. The Chocolate Bible: The Definitive Sourcebook. Chartwell, 2009.
  
  
• Toussaint-Samat, Maguelonne. A History of Food. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons/Blackwell 2009.
  
  
• Two Dozen Desserts Before Dinner -- Regina Varoll, Huffington Post (07 July 2011)
  
  
• Vail, Gabriel, "Cacao Use in Yucatán Among the Pre-Hispanic Maya" in Grivetti, Louis E., and Howard-Yana Shapiro, Chocolate: History, Culture, and Heritage. Wiley, 2009.
  
  
• Verna, Roberto. 2013. “The History and Science of Chocolate.” The Malaysian Journal of Pathology, Vol. 35, No. 2, 111–121. Accessed August 9, 2023. http://www.mjpath.org.my/2013.2/history-and-science-of-chocolate.pdf.
  
  
• World Cocoa Foundation
  
  
• Xocoatl - Chocolate guide

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Aztec statuary
of a male figure holding a cacao pod

Wikipedia

 Oscar Ortega
 International Award-Winning Chocolatier
 

Russell Stover, nephew to his namesake who created the candy company, served on the City Council of Duluth, MN from 2000-2008
 




Belgian Double Chocolate

"Since Pre-Columbian Mixtec documents are mainly concerned with histories, they record historical events such as royal births, wars and battles, royal marriages, forging of alliances, pilgrimages, and death of rulers. In addition to the calendrical signs used for dating events and naming individuals, the Mixtecs used a combination of conventionalized pictures as well as glyphs to illustrate the type and nature of the event. An example is … the wedding scene, usually shown as as two individuals of opposite sex facing each other and sitting on jaguar-pelt chairs, as illustrated by this example from the Codex Nuttall recording the marriage of the legendary Mixtec king 8 Deer "Tiger Claw" of Tilantongo to Lady 12 Snake on the day 13 Snake of the year 13 Reed (1051 CE)."

"This arrangement of the bride and groom is a purely pictorial convention, with no connection to the language. This means that no idiom or phrase in the Mixtec language describing two people sitting facing each other is a metaphor for marriage. However, the cup of chocolate held by Lady 13 Snake may represent the expression ynodzehua, which means "dowry" in Mixtec, where the root dzehua means "chocolate". Chocolate or cacao was one of the most expensive and luxurious products in Mesoamerica, and cacao beans were used as currency. It is no surprise the word for dowry would be based on chocolate."

ancientscripts.com/mixtec


 

Cocoa beans in a cocoa pod

Wikipedia