When Everybody Called Me Gabe-bines,
"Forever-Flying-Bird":

Teachings from Paul Buffalo

"137-Year-Old Chippewa Indian Dies in North Minnesota Home." [Obituary of John Smith.] Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota: The Star-Tribune, Feb. 8, 1922. Accessed 14 March 2019. <http://www.startribune.com/feb-8-1922-indian-reputed-to-be-137-years-old-dies-at-cass-lake/463232473/>.

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Aguar, Jyring, Whiteman, and Moser. November 1968. "Historic Resources Inventory of Itasca County." From "Outdoor Recreation Resources: Itasca County, MN. Historical Resources Inventory, Section III.C., pp. 1-22. Accessed 12 October 2018. https://www.co.itasca.mn.us/DocumentCenter/View/277/III-C--Historical-Resources-Inventory-PDF?bidId=

Albers, Patricia C., and William R. James. "Images and Reality: Post Cards of Minnesota's Ojibway People 1900-80. Minnesota History, Summer 1985, 229-240.

“American Indian Communities in Minnesota Natural Resources.” Minnesota Senate. Accessed October 1, 2018, https://www.senate.mn/departments/scr/report/bands/Wildlife.htm.

American Indian Oral History Collection, Vol. I -- Kinship III. (Paul Buffalo discussion of traditional Ojibwa divorce and remarriage.) Dr. Joseph H. Cash, General Editor. New York: Clearwater Publishing Company, Inc., 1981. American Indian Oral History Collection, Vol. II - Traditional Foods. (Paul Buffalo, et al audiotape. Paul Buffalo discusses wild rice.) Dr. Joseph H. Cash, General Editor. New York: Clearwater Publishing Company, Inc., 1981.

Anderson, Kim. Life Stages and Native Women: Memory, Teachings, and Story Medicine. Winnepeg: University of Manitoba Press, 2011.

Anderson, Marcia G., and Kathy L. Hussey-Arntson, "Ojibwa Beadwork Traditions in the Ayer Collections," Minnesota History, 48:4 (1982), 153-157.

Anderson, O.L. 1922. "Modern Methusala, 137, Passes Away at Cass Lake, Minnesota." North Woods, 7:33:13-15.

Angel, Michael R. Discordant Voices, Conflicting Values: Ojibwa and Euro-American Perspectives on the Midewiwin. Ph.D. Thesis. University of Manitoba. Winnipeg, Manitoba, 1977.

Armour, David A., "Beads in the Upper Great Lakes: A Study in Acculturation," in Beads: Their Use by Upper Great Lakes Indians (Grand Rapids, MI: rand Rapids Public Museum) xxx.

“Assiniboine,” Wikipedia, updated May 22, 2018, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Assiniboine.

Armour, R.C. North American Indian Fairy Tales Folklore and Legends. (London: Gibbons & Co., 1905).

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Bachmann, Elizabeth M. "Minnesota Log Marks," Minnesota History, Vol. 26, No. 2 (Jun., 1945), pp. 126-137.

Bachmann, Elizabeth M. "A History of Forestry in Minnesota." St. Paul, MN: Department of Natural Resources, 1969 (Reprinted with additions, 1969). Accessed 14 November 2018. https://files.dnr.state.mn.us/forestry/anniversary/documents/historyofForestry-1969.pdf.

Balikci, Asen. “Note sur le midewiwin,” Anthropologica, no. 2 (1956): 165–217.

Barnouw, Victor. "A Psychological Interpretation of a Chippewa Origin Legend," Journal of American Folklore, 68 (1955), pp. 73-85, 211-223, 341-355.

Barnouw, Victor. "Reminiscences of a Chippewa Mide Priest," Wisconsin Archaeologist, 35 (1954):4:83-112.

Barnouw, Victor. “A Chippewa Mide Priest’s Description of the Medicine Dance,” Wisconsin Archaeologist 41, no. 4 (1960): 77–97.

Barnouw, Victor, (Ed.). Wisconsin Chippewa Myths and Tales and Their Relation to Chippewa Life, (Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, 1977).

Bear, Charla. "American Indian Boarding Schools Haunt Many" [Part 1 of 2.] National Public Radio. May 13, 2008. Accessed 17 March 2019. https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=17645287.

Bear, Charla. "American Indian School a Far Cry from the Past." [Part 2 of 2.] National Public Radio. May 13, 2008. Accessed 17 March 2019. https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=17645287.

Beardsley, Gretchen (1939). "The Groundnut as used by the Indians of Eastern North America." Papers of the Michigan Academy of Sciences Arts and Letters. 25: 507–525.

Beaulieu, C.H., Jr. 1922. "Wrinkled Meat Was Over 100." Minneapolis Journal, 24 February, p. 1.

Beaulieu, David. 1971. The Formal Education of Minnesota Indians: Historical Perspective Until 1934. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota, Training Center for Community Programs. 38 1. maps ERIC ED050873.

Beef2Live. Accessed October 12, 2018 www.Beef2Live.com.

Belcourt, Christi. Onaman Collective. [Red Ochre paint.] Accessed 7 August 2018. http://christibelcourt.com/the-onamin-collective/.

“Bena Will Celebrate Its Centennial On August 18, 2007.”  Cass County Clippings, Cass County Historical Society & Museum.  01 October 2006.  Accessed 05 March 2018. http://www.casscountymuseum.org/content/agro/clippings/Cass_County_Clippings_Oct_2006.pdf.

Benton-Banai, Edward. The Mishomis Book: The Voice of the Ojibwa. (Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 2010; reprint of Hayward, WI: Indian Country Communications and Red School House Press, 1988.)

Berg, Carol J. 1981. "Agents of Cullture Change: The Benedictines at White Earth." Minnesota History, 48:4:158-170.

Bishop, Charles A. "Northern Algonkian Cannibalism and Windigo Psychosis," in Psychological Anthropology (Papers from the IXth International Congress of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences, Chicago, IL, August-September, 1973), edited by Thomas R. Williams (The Hague: Mouton, 1975), pp. 237-248).

Bishop, Charles A. "The Question of Ojibwa Clans," in Actes du Vingtième Congrès des Algonquinistes, William Cowan (Ed.), (1989), pp. 43-61.

Black, A.K. 1934, "Shaking the Wigwam,"Beaver, 265:3:13,39.

Blessing, Fred K. "Fasting and Dreams Among Minnesota Ojibway," Minnesota Archaeologist, 23:1 (1961), pp. 9-11.

Blessing, Fred K. "Some Observations on the Use of Bark by the Southern Ojibwa Indians," Minnesota Archaeologist, 19:4 (1954), pp. 3-14.

Blessing, Fred K. "Birchbark Mide Scrolls from Minnesota," Minnesota Archaeologist, 25:3 (1963), pp. 89-142.

Blessing, Fred K. “Medicine Bags and Bundles of Midewiwin,” Minnesota Archaeologist 30, no. 4 (1969): 79–121.

Bowen, Joe. 2018. "'One who walks alone' walks on: Trailblazing American Indian leader Larry Aitken dies at age 74." The Bemiji Pioneer, 5 October 2018. Accessed 04 March 2019. <https://www.bemidjipioneer.com/news/4508962-one-who-walks-alone-walks-trailblazing-american-indian-leader-larry-aitken-dies-age-74>

Brown, Jennifer. "The Cure and Feeding of Windigos: A Critique," American Anthropologist, 73:1 (1971), pp. 19-22.

Brown, Jennifer S. H., and Robert Brightman (Eds.), "The Orders of the Dreamed": George Nelson on Cree and Northern Ojibwa Religion and Myth, 1823, (St. Paul, MN: Minnesota Historical Society, 1988).

Burton, Frederick R. American Primitive Music: With Especial Attention to the Songs of the Ojibways (NY, 1909; reprinted, Port Washington: Kennikat Press, 1969).

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Cadzow, Donald A. "Bark Records of the Bungi Midewin Society," Indian Notes, 3 (1926), pp. 123-134.

Campbell, Alexia Fernández. "How America's Past Shapes Native Americans’ Present." The Atlantic, 12 October 2016. Accessed 14 October 2018. https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2016/10/native-americans-minneapolis/503441.

Cannon, Walter B. “‘Voodoo’ death.” American Anthropologist 44, no. 2 (1942): 169– 81.

Carson, W. "Ojibwa Tales," Journal of American Folklore, 30 (1917), pp. 491-493.

Casagrande, Joseph B. "Ojibwa Bear Ceremonialism," in S. Tax (ed.) Proceedings of the International Congress of Americanists, 3 Vols, Vol. 2, Acculturation in the Americas, (1952), pp. 113-117.

Casagrande, Joseph B. "The Ojibwa's Psychic Universe," Tomorrow, 4:3 (1956), pp. 33-40.

Cass County Historical Society and Museum. "Bena Will Celebrate its Centennial on August 18, 2007." Cass County Clippings. 01 October 2006. Accessed 4 November 2018. http://www.casscountymuseum.org/content/agro/clippings/Cass_County_Clippings_Oct_2006.pdf.

Calkins, Hiram, 1855, "Indian Nomenclature of Northern Wisconsin, With A Sketch of the Manners and Customs of the Chippewas," Wisconsin State Historical Society Annual Reports and Collections, 1:119-126 (reprinted).

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Mortality Statistics 1912: Thirteenth Annual Report. US Bureau of the Census. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1913 (2012).

Chamberlain, A. F. "The Thunder-Bird Amongst the Algonkins," American Anthropologist, 3:1 (1890), pp. 51-54.

Chamberlain, A. F. "Nanibozhu Amongst the Otchipwe, Mississaqas, and Other Algonkian Tribes," Journal of American Folklore, 4 (1891), pp. 193-213.

Chatfield, William, ed. “The Midewiwin Songs of Fine-Day,” Museum News 15, no. 10 (1954): 1–2.

Chequamegon History: Primary Research about the Chequameon Region before 1860. Accessed 27 June 2018. https://chequamegonhistory.wordpress.com/.

Cf., "Kechewaishke" [Chief Buffalo / Pezeke]. Wikipedia. Accessed 27 June 2018. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kechewaishke.

“Chief Buffalo.” Wikipedia, updated December 13, 2016, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Chief_Buffalo.

“Chief Buffalo Picture Search.” Chequamegon History. Accessed 12 March 2016, and 21 November 2018. https://chequamegonhistory.wordpress.com/.

"Chief Buffalo: Chief Buffalo’s Reservation.” Onigamiinsing Dibaajimowinan-Duluth’s Stories, Fond du Lac Band of Lake Superior Chippewa. Accessed 3 March 2019. http://www.duluthstories.net/CBReservation.html.

Chow, Kat. "So What Exactly Is 'Blood Quantum'?" National Public Radio, 9 February 2018. Accessed 12 October 2018. https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2018/02/09/583987261/so-what-exactly-is-blood-quantum.

"Claims of Great Longevity Exaggerated." 1974. Science Newsletter, 106:101-102.

Clark, Julius T. "Reminiscences of Hole-in-the-Day," Wisconsin Historical Collections, 5 (1868), 378-401.

Cleland, Charles E. "The Inland Shore Fishery of the Northern Great-Lakeks: Its Development and Importance in Prehistory," American Antiquity, 47:4 (1982), pp. 761-784.

Closs, Michael P. "Tallies and the Ritual Use of Number in Ojibway Pictography," in Native American Mathematics, ed by Michael P. Closs (Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, 1986), pp. 181-211.

Coatsworth, Emerson S., and David Coatsworth (Eds.), Adventures of Nanabush: Ojibway Indian Stories (New York: Atheneum, 1980).

Coleman, Sister Bernard, O.S.B. "The Religion of the Ojibwa of Northern Minnesota," Primitive Man [now Anthropological Quarterly], 10 (1937), pp. 3-4, 33-57.

Coleman, Sister Bernard, O.S.B. Where the Water Stops: Fond du Lac Reservation. Duluth, MN: College of St. Scholastica, 1967).

Coleman, Sister Bernard, O.S.B., Ellen Frogner, and Estelle Eich, Ojibwa Myths and Legends (Minneapolis, MN: Ross and Haines, 1961).

Colombo, John Robert. Windigo: An Anthology of Fact and Fantastic Fiction, (Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 1982).

Cook County Historical Society. n.d. "The History of the Saint Francis Xavier Church (Chippewa City Church)." Accessed 22 October 2018. https://www.cookcountyhistory.org/the-history-of-the-chippewa-city-church.

Cooper, John M. 1944, "The Shaking Tent Rite Among plains and Forest Algonquians," Primitive Man [now Anthropological Quarterly], 17:60-84.

Copway, George. 1850. The Traditional History and Characteristic Sketches of the Ojibwa Nation. Boston: Sanborn, Carter, Bazin & Co.

Cormier-Shekerjian, Regina de, "Ojibway Dream Net," Dreamworks, 4:1 (1984), pp. 14-15.

Covington, Calvin. “A historical look at dairy cow replacement prices.” Progressive Dairyman, published April 18, 2014. Accessed 12 March 2019. https://www.progressivedairy.com/topics/management/a-historical-look-at-dairy-cow-replacement-prices.

Crawford, Dean A., David L. Peterson, and Virgil Wurr. 1967. Minnesota Chippewa Indians: A Handbook for Teachers. St. Paul: Upper Midwest Regional Education Laboratory. ERIC ED017383. <https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED017383.pdf>

Craven, Margaret. I Heard the Owl Call My Name. Toronto: Clarke, Irwin & Company, 1967.

Culkin, William E. “Tribal Dance of the Ojibway Indians,” Minnesota History Bulletin 1, no. 3 (1915): 83–93.

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“Dakota people,” Wikipedia, updated July 28, 2018, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakota_people.

Dailey, Robert C. “The Midewiwin, Ontario’s First Medical Society,” Ontario History 50, no. 3 (1958): 133–38.

Davis, Rose M., "How Indian is Hiawatha?" Midwest Folklore, 7 (1957), pp. 5-25.

Day, Rev. Eri H., 1889, "Sketches of the Northwest," Michigan Pioneer and Historical Collections, 14:205-256.

d'Errico, Peter. (Not) Fry Bread: The Sioux Chef’s Indigenous Kitchen. Indian Country Today, 13 July 2017. Accessed 4 October 2018. https://newsmaven.io/indiancountrytoday/archive/not-fry-bread-the-sioux-chef-s-indigenous-kitchen-EYo0CP_atE-EzMCVpTgm0w/.

Densmore, Frances, 1932, "An Explanation of a Trick Performed by Indian Jugglers," American Anthropologist, 34:2:310-314.

Densmore, Frances. 1910. Chippewa Music, (Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institute, Bulletin of the Bureau of American Ethnology 45), pp. 1-209 (Reprinted, NY: Da Capo Press, 1972; Minneapolis, MN: Ross and Haines, 1974). Accessed 20 October 2018. https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015071198918;view=1up;seq=5

Densmore, Frances. 1913. Chippewa Music--II, (Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institute, Bulletin of the Bureau of American Ethnology 53), pp. 1-334 (Reprinted, NY: Da Capo Press, 1972; Minneapolis, MN: Ross and Haines, 1974). Accessed 20 October 2018. https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.32044041717257;view=1up;seq=9

Densmore, Frances. 1980-1989. Songs of the Chippewa, recording, Washington, DC: U.S. Library of Congress, Music Division, Archive of American Folk Song AAFS L22.

Densmore, Frances, "Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians," U.S. Bureau of American Ethnology, Annual Report, 1926-1927, 44 (1928), 275-397. (Reprinted as How Indians Use Wild Plants for Food, Medicine, and Crafts. New York: Dover, 1974).

Densmore, Francis. 1929. Chippewa Customs, (Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin 86), pp. 1-204. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. (Reprinted, Minneapolis: Ross and Haines, 1970; St. Paul: Minnesota Historical Society, 1979; and elsewhere.) Accessed 20 October 2018. https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015005279784;view=1up;seq=177

Diedrich, Mark, The Chiefs Hole-in-the-day of the Mississippi Chippewa (St. Louis Park, MN: Coyote Books, 1986).

Donlin, Piper Elizabeth. "The Power of Food: The Ojibwe Food Sovereignty Movement: A Movement Towards Regaining and Restoring Indigenous Lifeways Through Food in Minnesota. Master thesis in Culture, Environment and Sustainability. Center for Development and Environment, University of Oslo, May 2015. Accessed 01 July 2018. https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/handle/10852/44798/Piper_Donlin_Final_Thesis_.pdf?sequence=1.

Dumont, James, "Journey to Daylight-Land: Through Ojibwa Eyes," Laurentian University Review, 8:2 (1976), pp. 31-43.

Duncan, K. J. "Tom Pahbewash's Visions," Anthropologica, 6: (1964), pp. 237-243.

Dunning, R. W. Social and Economic Change Among the Northern Ojibwa, (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1959; reprinted 1972).

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Eastman, Mary H. 1853. The American Aboriginal Portfolio. Illustrated by S. Eastman, U.S. Army. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Grambo & Co.

Ebbott, Elizabeth. 1985. Indians in Minnesota (4th ed.). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

"Education Division." Minnesota Chippewa Tribe. https://www.mnchippewatribe.org/education.html.

Eggan, Fred. "Social Anthropology: Methods and Results," in Social Anthropology of the North American Tribes, 2nd ed., ed. by Fred Eggan (University of Chicago Press, 1955), pp. 521-536.

“Elizabeth Sherer Russell photograph collection.” Collection Finding Aids, Minnesota Historical Society. Accessed October 12, 2018. http://www2.mnhs.org/library/findaids/sv000157.xml.

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Fond du Lac Band of Lake Superior Chippewa. "Chief Buffalo," Onigamiinsing Dibaajimowinan-Duluth's Stories, Fond du Lac Band of Lake Superior Chippewa. Accessed 25 May 2018. http://www.duluthstories.net/chiefbuffalo.html

Forest History Center, "Logging Industry." Accessed 14 November 2018. http://www.mnhs.org/foresthistory/learn/logging.

Freud, Sigmund. 1899. The Interpretation of Dreams. Leipzig& Vienna: Franz Deuticke.

Fruth, Alban. 1958. A Century of Missionary Work Among the Red Lake Chippewa Indians, 1858-1958. Red Lake, MN: St. Mary's Mission.

"Fur Trade in Minnesota: Overview." 2018. Minnesota History Center. Accessed 12 October 2018. https://libguides.mnhs.org/furtrade.

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Garte, Edna, Circle of Life: Cultural Continuity in Ojibwe Crafts (Duluth, MN: ST. Louis County Historyical Society, Chisholm Museum [now The Duluth Children's Museum], and Duluth Art Institute, 1984), pp. 16-18.

Graves Family Association. "Peter Graves of Canada and Minnesota." Accessed 7 March 2018. https://www.gravesfa.org/gen038.htm.

Greenhalgh, I., and A.R. Butler. "Sanatoria revisited: sunlight and health." Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh, Vol. 47, Issue 3, September 2017, 276–80.) Accessed 15 March 2019. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/7b1b/0c7ba51693ffda71154f06db8bf17c0cab8a.pdf.

Gris. H. 1974. "Inquirer Finds Oldest Man in World -- He's 140." National Inquirer, 12 November, p. 16.

Grover, Linda LeGarde. 2002. "The Vermillion Lake Indian School: From Assimilation to Termination." Minnesota History, pp. 224-240. Accessed 7 August 2018. http://collections.mnhs.org/MNHistoryMagazine/articles/58/v58i04p224-240.pdf.

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Hall, Stephen P. "The Hole-In-The-Day encounter," The Minnesota Archaeologist 36:2 (1977), 77-96.

Hallowell, A. Irving. 1940. "Aggression in Saulteaux Society," Psychiatry, 3:395-407 (Reprinted in Personality in Nature, Society and Culture, 2nd ed., Ed. by Clyde Kluckhohn, H. A. Murray, and David M. Schneider. NY: Alfred A. Knopf, 1953, pp. 260-275; and in A. I. Hallowell, 1955a, pp. 277-290.)

Hallowell, A. Irving. “The Passing of the Midewiwin in the Lake Winnipeg Region,” American Anthropologist 38, no. 1 (1936): 32–51.

Hallowell, A. Irving. 1938. "Fear and Anxiety as Cultural and individual Variables in a Primitive Society." Journal of Social Psychology, 9:25-47 (Reprinted in A. I. Hallowell, 1955a, pp. 250-265).

Hallowell, A. Irving. "Freudian Symbolism in the Dream of a Saulteaux Indian," Man, 38 (1938), pp. 47-48.

Hallowell, A. Irving. 1940, "Magic: The Role of Conjuring in Saulteaux Society," in Papers Presented Before the Monday Night Group, 1939-40, ed. by M. A. May (New Haven: Institute of Human Relations), pp. 94-115.

Hallowell, A. Irving. 1964, "Ojibwa Ontology, Behavior, and World View." In Primitive Views of the World. Ed. by Stanley Diamond. New York: Columbia University Press, 49-82. (Reprinted.)h

Hallowell, A. Irving. 1963. "Ojibwa World View and Disease," in Man's Image in Medicine and Anthropology. Ed. by Iago Galdston. (New York Academy of Medicine, Institute of Social and Historical Medicine, Monograph 4. New York: International Universities Press, pp. 258-315.

Hallowell, A. Irving. The Role of Conjuring in Saulteaux Society, (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1942, reprinted New York: Octagon Books, 1971).

Hallowell, A. Irving. "The Role of Dreams in Ojibwa Culture," in The Dream and Human Societies, ed. by Gustave E. von Grunebaum and Roger Caillois, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1966, pp. 267-292.

Hallowell, A. Irving. "Spirits of the Dead in Saulteaux Life and Thought," Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland," 70 (1940), pp. 29-51.

Hallowell, A. Irving. "Was Cross-Cousin Marriage Practised by the North-Central Algonian," Proceedings of the Twenty Third International Congress of Americanists, (NY, 1928), pp. 519-544.A. Irving Hallowell, "Cross Cousin Marriage in the Lake Winnipeg Area," in Twenty-Fifth Anniversary Studies, Philadelphia Anthroplogical Society, ed. by D. S. Davidson, (1937), pp. 95-110

Hallowell, A. Irving. "Northern Ojibwa Ecological Adaptation and Social Organization," in Contributions to Anthropology: Selected Papers of A. Irving Hallowell, (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1976), pp. 333-350.

Hamilton, J. C. "The Algonquin Manabozho and Hiawatha," Journal of American Folklore, 16 (1903), pp. 229-233.

Harding, Arthur Robert. Deadfalls & Snares. St. Louis, Mo: A.R. Harding Publisher, 1907. Accessed 03 July 1807. http://www.gutenberg.org/files/34110/34110-h/34110-h.htm.

Haskins, Doug. 1998. The Journey to an Indigenous Church: the History of The Christian and Missionary Alliance Work with Native Americans. Alliance Academic Review. Accessed 24 February 2018. http://www.kneillfoster.com/aar/1998/AAR1998-2Haskins.php.

Hay, Thomas H. "The Windigo Psychosis: Psychodynamic, Cultural, and Social Factors in Aberrant Behavior," American Anthropologist, 73:1 (1971), pp. 1-19.

Helbig, Alethea. Nanabozhoo, Giver of Life (Brighton, MI: Green Oak Press, 1987).

Hickerson, Harold. “Notes on the Post-Contact Origin of the Midewiwin,” Ethnohistory 9, no. 4 (1962a): 404–23.

Hickerson, Harold. "The Southwestern Chippewa: An Ethnohistorical Study," American Anthropologist, 64:3: (Part 2), Memoir 92 (1962).

Hickerson, Harold. “The Sociohistorical Significance of Two Chippewa Ceremonials,” American Anthropologist 65, no. 1 (1963): 67–85.

Hickerson, Harold. "The Genesis of Bilaterality Among Two Divisions of Chippewa," American Anthropologist, 68:1 (1966), pp. 1-26.

Hickerson, Harold. The Chippewa and Their Neighbors: A Study in Ethnohistory (New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1970).

Hilger, Sister M. Inez, O.S.B. 1936, "Chippewa Customs," Primitive Man [now Anthropological Quarterly], 9:2:17-24.

Hilger, Sister M. Inez. "Chippewa Hunting and Fishing Customs," Minnesota Quarterly, 1:2-3 (1936), pp. 17-19.

Hilger, Sister M. Inez. "Chippewa Burial and Mourning Customs," American Anthropologist, 46 (1944), pp. 564-568.

Hilger, Sister M. Inez. "Naming a Chippewa Indian Child," Wisconsin Archaeologist, 39 (1958), 120-126.

Hill, Edward E. 1965. "Preliminary Inventory (PI 163) of the Records of The Bureau of Indian Affairs (RG 75), Washington, D.C. Area. Accessed 5 November 2018. http://freepages.rootsweb.com/~texlance/genealogy/records/bia(dc)17.htm.

“History of the Fur Trade.” White Oak Society, Deer River, Minnesota. Accessed 14 March 2019. http://whiteoakhistoricalsociety.org/historical-library/fur-trade/time-line-a-brief-history-of-the-fur-trade/.

“History of the Sears Catalog.” Sears Archives, updated March 21, 2012, http://www.searsarchives.com/catalogs/history.htm.

Hockett, Charles F. "The Proto Central Algonquian Kinship System," in Explorations in Cultural Anthropology, ed. by Ward H. Goodenough (NY: McGraw-Hill, 1964), pp. 239-257.

Hoffman, Walter James. "Pictography and Shamanistic Rites of the Ojibwa," American Anthropologist, 1:3 (1888), pp. 209-229 (reprinted in Native North American Art History, ed. by Zena P. Mathews and Aldona Jonaitis, Palo Alto, CA, 1982).

Hoffman, Walter James. "Notes on Ojibwa Folk-lore," American Anthropologist, 2:3 (1889), pp. 215-223.

Hoffman, Walter James. "Remarks on Ojibwa Ball Play," American Anthropologist 3:2 (1890), pp. 133-135.

Hoffman, Walter James. "The Midewiwin [Mide'wiwin] or 'Grand Medicine Society' of the Ojibwa,"Seventh Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1885-1886. (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1891), pp. 143-300. Accessed 7 August 2018. http://www.gutenberg.org/files/19368/19368-h/19368-h.htm.

Holzhueter, J. O., "Chief Buffalo and Other Wisconsin-related Art in the National Capitol," Wisconsin Magazine of Art, 56:4 (1973) pp. 284-289.

Holzkamm, Tim E. "Ojibwa Horticulture in the Upper Mississippi and Boundary Waters." Papers of the Seventeenth Algonquian Conference, 1985. Edited by William Cowan. (Ottawa: Carleton University), pp. 143-154.

Holzhueter, John O. Madeline Island and the Chequamegon Region, (Madison, WI: State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1974).

Howard, James H. The Plains-Ojibwa or Bungi, (Anthropological Papers Number 1, Vermillion, South Dakota: South Dakota Museum, University of South Dakota, 1965).

Hutchinson, Walter. Customs of the World, (London: Hutchinson& Co., 1913).

Hulbert, Thomas. 1846. Hymns in the Chippewa and Ottawa Language To Which Is Appended a Short Summary of Christian Doctrine; Peter Jones (trans.). 1840. A collection of Chippeway and English Hymns for the Use of the Native Indians. Translated by Peter Jones . . . To Which Are Added a Few Hymns Translated by Rev. James Evans and George Henry. . . . Toronto: Printed for the Translator. (This version is based on the Jones 1829 ed., New York: Printed at the Conference Office by J. Collord. This work was reprinted and reissued numerous times, often under various titles.)

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"Inspiring Visions: Artists’ Views of the American West." 2003. Amon Carter Museum. http://www.cartermuseum.org/Inspiring_Visions/Eastman/ eastman_art.html.

"It's Not Just About The Blood." National Public Radio, 6 February 2018. Accessed 12 October 2018. https://one.npr.org/?sharedMediaId=583753149:583816831.

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Jackson, Barbara D. "A Peyote Community in Northern Minnesota." In Anishinabe: 6 Studies of Modern Chippewa, edited by J. Anthony Paredes, 127-193. Tallahassee: University Presses of Florida, 1980.

“Jammer and Description,” Minnesota Historical Society. Accessed 28 August 2018. http://sites.mnhs.org/static/fhc/jammer.html.

John Smith (Chippewa Indian). Wikipedia. Accessed 17 September 2018. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Smith_(Chippewa_Indian).

“John Smith.” Find A Grave, published August 18, 2012 Accessed 14 March 2019. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/95577002/john-smith.

Johnston, Basil. Ojibwa Heritage, (N.Y.: Columbia University Press, 1976).

Johnson, Basil H. Ojibwa Ceremonies, (Toronto: McClelland and Steward, 1982).

Jones, Peter. History of the Ojebway Indians (London: A.W. Bennett, 1861).

Jones, Peter. (trans.). 1840. A collection of Chippeway and English Hymns for the Use of the Native Indians. Translated by Peter Jones . . . To Which Are Added a Few Hymns Translated by Rev. James Evans and George Henry . . . . Toronto: Printed for the Translator. (This version is based onthe Jones 1829 ed., New York: Printed at the Conference Office by J. Collord. This work was reprinted and reissued numerous times, often under various titles.)

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Kahneman, Daniel. 2011. Thinking, Fast and Slow. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.

"Kechewaishke" [Chief Buffalo / Pezeke]. Wikipedia. Accessed 27 June 2018. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kechewaishke.

Kegg, Maude; and Nichols, John D. 1983. Nookomis Gaa-inaajimotawid, What My Grandmother Told Me, with Texts in Ojibwe (Chippewa) and English. St. Paul, MN: Minnesota Archaeological Society.

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Kurath, Gertrude P. “Chippewa Sacred Songs in Religious Metamorphosis,” Scientific Monthly 79, no. 5 (1954): 311– 17.

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“Lac La Croix Ponies at Quetico.” Ontario Parks. Published February 8, 2017. http://www.ontarioparks.com/parksblog/lac-lacroix-ponies-at-quetico/.

Ladd, E.F., and H.P. Bassett, “Bleaching of Flour,” Journal of Biological Chemistry 6 (1909): 75–86.

Lafleur, L.J. “On the Mide of the Ojibway,” American Anthropologist 42, no. 4 (1940): 706–8.

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Landes, Ruth. "The Abnormal Among the Ojibwa Indians." Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 33 (1938):1:14-33.

Landes, Ruth. Ojibwa Religion and the Midewiwin. (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1968; Reprinted, N.y.: AMS Press, 1969).

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Landes, Ruth. “Ojibwa Sociology,” in Columbia University Contributions to Anthropology (New York: Columbia University Press, 1969) 29:1–144 (repr., New York: AMS Press, 1969).

Lawrence, Elizabeth Atwood. Human and horse medicine among some Native American groups. Agriculture and Human Values, June 1998, Volume 15, Issue 2, pp 133–138. Accessed 10 August 2018. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A%3A1007435127529.

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LeMay, Konnie. "Warrior Nation: Anton Treuer Leaves Nothing Out in This Red Lake Ojibwe History." Indian Country Today, 24 October 2015. Accessed 09 March 2018. https://indiancountrymedianetwork.com/history/events/warrior-nation-anton-treuer-leaves-nothing-out-in-this-red-lake-ojibwe-history/.

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Lyford, Carrie A. Crafts of the Ojibwa (Phoeniz, AZ: Office of Indian Affairs, 1943).

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Maher, Savannah. "The Difficult Math Of Being Native American." National Public Radio. 7 February 2018. Accessed 12 October 2018. https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2018/02/07/583665568/love-and-blood-quantum-buy-in-or-die-out.

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McKenney, Thomas Loraine. Sketches of a Tour to the Lakes, of the Character and Customs of the Chippeway Indians, and of Incidents Connected with the Treaty of Fond du Lac . . . , (Baltimore: Fielding Lucas, Jr., 1827; reprinted, Barre, MA: Imprint Society, 1972; reprinted, Minneapolis, MN: Ross and Haines, 1959).

Mello, Amorin. "Chief Buffalo Picture Search." Chequamegon History: Primary Research about the Chequameon Region before 1860. 12 March 2016. Accessed 27 June 2018. https://chequamegonhistory.wordpress.com/.

Messer, Ron. "A Jungian Interpretation of the Relationship of Culture: Hero and Trickster Figure within Chippewa Mythology," Studies in Religion, 11:3 (1982), pp. 309-320.

Michon, Jean-Louis. “La Grande Médecine des Ojibways,” Bulletin de la Société Suisse des Américanistes 27 (March 1964): 33–34, 28:13–14.

Michon, Jean-Louis. “La Grande Médecine des Ojibways,” Bulletin de la Société Suisse des Américanistes 36 (1972): 37–72.

Mihesuah, Devon. "Indigenous Health Initiatives, Frybread, and the Marketing of Non-Traditional 'Traditional' American Indian Foods. Native American and Indigenous Studies 3:2 (Fall 2016), pp. 45-69. Accessed 26 June 2018. http://www.aihd.ku.edu/documents/Frybread.pdf.

Miller, Jen. "Frybread." Smithsonian. July 2008. Accessed 01 July 2018. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/frybread-79191/.

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Mittelholtz, Erwin F. (Ed.) Historical Review of the Red Lake Indian Reservation, Redlake, Minnesota: a History of its People and Progress. Rose Graves, tribal editor. Bemidji, MN: General Council of the Red Lake Band of Chippewa Indians and the Beltrami County Historical Society, 1957. Accessed 12 November 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015004588367.

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Minnesota Chippewa Tribe. 1964. Revised Constitution and Bylaws of the Minnesota Chippewa Tribe, 3 March 1964. Accessed 31 October 2018. https://www.mnchippewatribe.org/pdf/REVISED%20CONSTITUTION%20AND%20BYLAWS%2011RMS.pdf.

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe Curriculum Development Staff, Minnesota Chippewa Tribal Government -- Student Handbook (Cass Lake, MN: Minnesota Chippewa Tribe, 1978; Reprinted, Cass Lake, MN: Minnesota Chippewa Tribe, 2013).

Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. 2013. “Lakes, rivers, and wetland facts,” (reviewed 2013).

Momaday, N. Scott. 1970. The Way to Rainy Mountain. NY: Ballantine Books.

Monckton, Elizabeth (Elizabeth Davis Fielder). The White Canoe and Other Legends of the Ojibwas (NY: Broadway Publishing Co., 1904).

Montgomery, Rita. "A cross‐cultural study of menstruation, menstrual taboos, and related social variables." Ethos, Vol. 2, No. 2 (Summer, 1974), pp. 137-170.

Moore, Neal. "Passing on the dance of the Ojibwe." [Ball Club, MN] CNN iReport. 19 July 2009. Accessed 8 August 2018. http://ireport.cnn.com/docs/DOC-300489.

Moss, Michael. 2013. Salt Sugar Fat: How the Food Giants Hooked Us. NY: Random House.

“Mrs. R. Payne Dies; Former State Legislator,” Minneapolis Star, November 1, 1953.

Myers, Frank A., (Comp.) "The Bear-walk," Inland Seas, 9:12-18, 98-103, 169-174, 250-254.

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“Nakoda (Stoney),” Wikipedia, updated July 4, 2018, https:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakoda_(Stoney).

National Park Service. "The Incredible Journey of Benjamin Armstrong and Chief Buffalo." Accessed 27 June 2018. https://www.nps.gov/apis/learn/historyculture/armstrong.htm.

National Public Radio. "It's Not Just About The Blood." 6 February 2018. Accessed 12 October 2018. https://one.npr.org/?sharedMediaId=583753149:583816831.

Negri, Paul. "The Treaty of La Pointe and the Chief Buffalo Grant," (unpublished MS., University of Minnesota, Duluth Library, n.d.).

Neihardt, John G.1932. Black Elk Speaks. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press.

Neils, Patricia. "Julius Neils: Lumber Baron (1855-1933)." The Pacific Northwest Forum, Volume V, Number 3, pp. 2-9, Summer, 1980. Accessed 16 September 2018. <http://www.narhist.ewu.edu/pnf/articles/s1/v-3/julius%20neils/juliusneils.html>.

“Nelson Act of 1889,” Wikipedia, updated February 13, 2018 Accessed 15 March 2019. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelson_Act_of_1889.

Nelson, Richard. "Inscribed Birch Bark Scrolls and Other Objects of the Midewiwin," Papers of the Fourteenth Algonquian Conference, 1982, ed. by William Cowan, (Ottawa: Carleton University, 1983), pp. 219-235).

Nelson, Richard. “Midewiwin Medicine Bags of the Ojibwa,” in Papers of the Fifteenth Algonquian Conference, ed. William Cowan (Ottawa: Carleton University, 1984), 397–408.

Nichols, Frances Sellman, compiler. "Index to Schoolcraft's 'Indian Tribes of the United States'." Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin: 152. Washing, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. (See volume for detailed index of works of Schoolcraft, esp. pages 43-45, 154, 157, 171, 204.)

Norman, Howard. “Ojibwa Pictures and Song-Pictures,” Alcheringa 3 (Winter 1971): 64–67.

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“Ojibwe,” Wikipedia, updated August 2, 2018, https://en.wikipedia. org/wiki/Ojibwe.

Ojibwe People's Dictionary. Accessed 12 June 2018. https://ojibwe.lib.umn.edu/.

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“Ojibwe Treaties,” Wikipedia, updated August 2, 2018, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Ojibwe#Ojibwe_treaties.

Osborn, Charles S., and Stellanova Osborn, Schoolcraft-Longfellow-Hiawatha, (Lancaster, PA: Jacques Catell Press, 1942).

Osborn, Chase S., and Setllanova Osborn, "Hiawatha" Jwith Its Original Indian Legends, (Lancaster, PA: The Jacques Catell Press, 1944).

Ovsak, Catherine M. 1994. "Reaffirming the Guarantee: Indian Treaty Rights to Hunt and Fish Off-reservation in Minnesota," William Mitchell Law Review: Vol. 20: Issue 4, Article 8. Accessed 31 October 2018. https://open.mitchellhamline.edu/wmlr/vol20/iss4/8/.

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Jordan, Paper. "From Shaman to Mystic in Ojibwa Religion," Studies in Religion, 9:2 (1980), 185-199.

Parker, Seymour. "The Wiitiko Psychosis in the Context of Ojibwa Personality," American Anthropologist, 62 (1960), pp. 603-623.

Paredes, J. Anthony. "A Case Study of 'Normal' Windigo," Anthropologica, 14:2 (1972), pp. 97-116.

Paredes, James Anthony. 1980. Anishinabe: 6 studies of modern Chippewa. Tallahassee: University Presses of Florida.

Paredes, J. Anthony. Anishinabe: 6 Studies of Modern Chippewa (University Presses of Florida, 1980), pp. 127-193.

Patterson, N.L. 1976, "Shaking Tents and Medicine Snakes: Traditional Elements in Contemporary Woodland Indian Art," Artmagazine (Canada), 7:28:52-57.

Phillips, Ruth B. “Zigzag and Spiral: Geometric Motifs in Great Lakes Indian Costume,” in Papers of the Fifteenth Algonquian Conference, ed. William Cowan (Ottawa: Carleton University, 1984), 409–24.

Powell, Ransom J. 1922. "'Wrinkled Meat' but 88 Years Old, U.S. Records Say." Minneapolis Journal, 15 February, p. 1.

Preston, Richard J. "The Witiko: Algonkian Knowledge and Whiteman Knowledge," in Manlike Monsters on Trial, edited by Marjorie M. Halpin and Michael M. Ames (Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 1980), pp. 111-131.

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Radin, Paul. 1926. Crashing Thunder: The Autobiography of an American Indian. Oxford, England: Appleton.

Radin, Paul. "Ojibwa and ottawa Puberty Dreams," in Essays in Anthropology Presented to alfred L. Kroeber, (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1936, pp. 233-264).

"Ransom Judd Powell Papers." Minnesota Historical Society. Microfilm M-455, FAMILY  No. 58. Maquah Publications. Accessed November 4, 2018. https://www.maquah.net/genealogy/Powell/POWELL.58.html.

Reagan, Albert B. "The Flood Myth of the Chippewas," Indiana Academy of Science, Proceedings, 28 (1919), pp. 347-352.

Reagan, Albert B. "Some Games of the Bois Fort Ojibwa," American Anthropologist 21:3 (1919), pp. 264-278.

Reagan, Albert B. "Flood Myth of the Bois Fort Chippewas," Kansas Academy of Science, Transactions, 30 (1921), pp. 437-443.

Reagan, Albert B. “Medicine Songs of George Farmer,” American Anthropologist 24, no. 3 (1922): 332–69.

Reagan, Albert B. “Picture Writings of the Chippewa Indians,” Wisconsin Archaeologist 6 (1927): 80–83.

Reagan, Albert B. “The O-ge-che-dah or Head- Men Dance of the Bois Forte Indians,” Americana 28 (1934): 302–6.

Reagan, Albert B. “A Ritual Parchment and Certain Historical Charts of the Bois Fort Chippewa of Minnesota,” Americana 29 (1935): 228–44.

Rees, Albert, and Donald Jacobs. National Bureau of Economic Research. "The Cost-of-Living Index." Real Wages in Manufacturing, 1890-1914. Princeton University Press, 1961, pp. 74-119. Accessed 14 September 2018. http://www.nber.org/chapters/c2286.pdf.

Regguinti, Gordon. 1992. The Sacred Harvest: Ojibway Wild Rice Gathering. Minneapolis, MN: Lerner Publications Company.

Reid, A. P. "Religious Beliefs of the Ojibois or Sauteux Indians," Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, 3 (1874), pp. 106-113.

Ritzenthaler, Robert E. "The Building of a Chippewa Indian Birch-bark Canoe," Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee, Bulletin (1950), 19:2, pp. 53-99.

Ritzenthaler, Robert E. Chippewa Preoccupation with Health, Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee, Bulletin (1953), 19:4:175-257.

Robertson, Tom. “Squaw Lake Resists Name Change,” Minnesota Public Radio, April 30, 2001, http://news.minnesota.publicradio.org/features/200104/30_robertsont_squawlake-m/.)

Robertson, Tom. "American Indians prefer to reflect on their own history" [Cf. re Peter Graves]. MPRNews, 9 June 2008. Accessed 08 March 2018. https://www.mprnews.org/story/2008/06/06/redlakesesquicentennial.

Roddis, Louis H. 1919/1920. "The Last Indian Uprising in the United States." Publications of the Minnesota Historical Society, ed. by Solon J. Buck. Minnesota History Bulletin, 3:273-290.

Rohrl, Vivian J. “A Chippewa Funeral,” Wisconsin Archaeologist 48, no. 2 (June 1967): 137–40.

Rohrl, Vivian J. "The Drum Societies in a Southwestern Chippewa Community," Wisconsin Archaeologist, 49:3 (1968), pp. 131-137.

Rohrl, Vivian J. "A Nutritional Factor in Windigo Psychosis," American Anthropologist, 72:1 (1970), pp. 97-101.

Rohrl, Vivian J. "Some Observations on the Drum Society of Chippewa Indians," Ethnohistory, 19:3 (1972), pp. 219-225.

“Rosanna Catherine Payne,” Wikipedia, updated May 29, 2017, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosanna_Catherine_Payne.

Rottsolk, James E. 1960. Pines, Mines, and Lakes: The Story of ITASCA COUNTY, MINNESOTA. [Grand Rapids, MN??xxx]: Itasca County Historical Society.

Roufs, Timothy G. American Indian Oral History Collection, American Indian Oral History Collection, Vol. II, No. 21 -- Traditional Foods. (Paul Buffalo, et al. audiotape. Paul Buffalo discusses wild rice.) Dr. Joseph H. Cash, General Editor. New York: Clearwater Publishing Company, 1981. [UM DULUTH Library Multimedia PC 1203; see also microfiche collection]

Roufs, Timothy G. 2016. "Anishinabe Curing." Accessed 03 August 2018. http://www.d.umn.edu/cla/faculty/troufs/anth4616/PowerPoint/curing_paper9b.pptx.

Roufs, Timothy G. "Patrilineal Kinship." Accessed 31 July 2018. http://www.d.umn.edu/cla/faculty/troufs/anth1604/cakinship_patrilineal.html#title.

Roufs, Timothy G. 1967. Social Structure and Community Development: An Analysis of a Chippewa Case. Master's thesis, University of Minnetota.

Roufs, Timothy G. 1975. The Anishinabe of the Minnesota Chippewa Tribe, Phoenix: Indian Tribal Series. (Reprinted, 2013. Cass Lake, MN: Minnesota Chippewa Tribe.)

Roufs, Timothy G. 1976. “Early Indian Life in the Lake Superior Region,” in Duluth: Sketches of the Past, Ryck Lydecker, Lawrence J. Sommer, and Arthur Larsen (Eds.) Special Bicentennial Volume of Duluth’s Legacy Series, Duluth, Minnesota, 1976, (reprinted in The Minnesota Archaeologist, Vol. 37, No. 4, (November 1978) pp. 157-197.

Roufs, Timothy G. 1978. "Mississippi and Lake Superior Ojibwa: Reflections of Paul Buffalo," Timothy G. Roufs, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN 55812 (15 June 1978).

Roufs, Timothy G. 1978. “Nature and the Concept of Power Among Lake Superior Ojibwa: Reflections of Paul Buffalo,” 16 pp., March 1978. Reprinted in two parts as “The Ojibwa Concept of Power,” Red River Valley Heritage Press, Red River Valley Historical Society, Vol. 4 (1981): pp. 8 ff.

Roufs, Timothy G., "Reminiscences of Paul Buffalo, Leech Lake Band of the Minnesota Chippewa Tribe, Parts I - XXII." University of South Dakota Indian Oral History Collections, Part II, No. 4, 1-243. Sanford, North Carolina: Microfilming Corporation of America, 1979.

Roufs, Timothy G. 1980. Social Structure and Community Development: An Analysis of a Chippewa Case. In Anishinabe: 6 Studies of Modern Chippewa, J. Anthony Paredes, 194- 241. Tallahassee: University Presses of Florida, 1980.

Roufs, Timothy G. 1980. Social Structure and Community Development: An Analysis of a Chippewa Case. In J. Anthony Paredes, Anishinabe: 6 Studies of Modern Chippewa (University Presses of Florida, 1980), pp. 194- 241.

Roufs, Timothy G. and Kathleen Smyth Roufs. 2014. Sweet Treats around the World, Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO.

Rue, Leonard Lee III. 2014. "Remembering the Outhouse: Fond, and not so fond, memories of the outhouse on the farm." Farm Collector, May 2014. Accessed 14 September 2018. https://www.farmcollector.com/farm-life/the-outhouse-zmrz14mayzbea.

Rynkiewich, Michael A. "Chippewa Powwows." In Anishinabe: 6 Studies of Modern Chippewa, edited by J. Anthony Paredes, 31-100. Tallahassee: University Presses of Florida, 1980.

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"The Sacraments of Healing." Catechism of the Catholic Church, 1422–1446. The Holy See ["The Vatican"]. Accessed 15 March 2019. http://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/p2s2c2a4.htm

Schensul, Stephen L., J. Anthony Paredes and Pertti J. Pelto. "The Twilight Zone of Poverty:" A New Perspective on an Economically Depressed Area." Human Organization, Vol. 27, No. 1 (Spring 1968), pp. 30-40. Accessed 14 September 2018. https://www.jstor.org/stable/44124228?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.

Schoolcraft, Henry R. Archives of Aboriginal Knowledge. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott. (Reprinted and reissued numerous times under various titles. For index see F. S. Nichols, 1954.)

Seeley, Mark W. 2006. Minnesota Weather Almanac.  St. Paul, MN: Minnesota Historical Society Press, pp. 101-102.

Simms, S.C. “The Metawin Society of the Bungees or Swampy Indians of Lake Winnipeg,” Journal of American Folklore 19 (1906): 330–33.

“Sioux,” Wikipedia, updated July 25, 2018, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sioux.

Smith, John. 1921. Chief John Smith, A Leader of the Chippewa, Age 117 Years. His Life as Told by Himself. Being the Life Story of Chief John Smith as Narrated by Himself and Interpreted by His Adopted Son, Thomas E. Smith. Walker, MN: The Cass County Pioneer.

“SOLEMN REDMEN APPEAL AGAINST AGENCY MOVE Braves Don War Paint, Dance In Streets.”  The Ogden Standard-Examiner (Ogden, Utah), Thursday, March 31, 1938, p. 6. [Proposed move of the Indian Office from Cass Lake to Duluth.]

Slabbaert-Norrgard, Lorraine. A Gift to One, a Gift to Many / James Jackson, Sr., a video by Lorraine Slabbaert-Norrgard (60 min., 1992). (viewing guide)

Spavin, Don. Chippewa Dawn: Legends of an Indian People (Bloomington, MN: Voyageur Press, 1977).

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Stanchfield, Daniel. 1901. "History of Pioneer Lumbering on the Upper Mississippi and Its Tributaries, with Biographic Sketches. A Personal Narration." Collections of the Minnesota Historical Society, 9:325-362

Schell, James Peery. 1911. In the Ojibway Country, A Story of Early Missions on the Minnesota Frontier. Walhalla, ND: C.E. Lee.

Schwarz, Herbert T. "Windigo, and Other Tales of the Ojibways," (Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1969).

Sicherman, Al. "xxxarticle on drying blueberries, " [Minneapolis] Star Tribune, Wednesday, July 6, 1988, 1T.

Smith, James G. E.. "Leadership Among the Southwestern Ojibwa," National Museums of Canada, Publications in Ethnology, 7 (Ottawa: National Museums of Canada, 1971).

Smith, James G. E. "Notes on the Wittiko," Papers of the Seventh Algonquian Conference, 1975, Edited by William Cowan, (Ottawa: Carleton University, 1976), pp. 18-38.

Smith, James G. E. "Termination of the Cross-Cousin Marriage Pattern Among the Southwestern Ojibwa," paper read at the 70th Annual Meeting of the American Anthropological Association, New York, 18-21 November 1971.

Smith, Huron H. "Ethnobotany of Ojibwe Indians." Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee. Vol. 4, No. 3, Pp. 327-525, Plates 46-77, May 2, 1932.

Sommer, Barbara. "Ojibwa Totems," Manuscript, (Duluth, MN, 1976), 39 pp.

Squier, E. G. "Manabozho and the Great Serpent," American Whig Review, n.s. 2 (1848), 392-398.

Stands in Timber, John, and Margot Liberty. 1998. Cheyenne Memories, Second Edition. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

Strong, William D. "Cross-Cousin Marriage and the Culture of the Northeastern Alquonkian," American Anthropologist, 31:2 (1929), pp. 277-288.

Sweet, G. W. "Incidents of the Threatened Outbreak of Hole-in-the-Day," Minnesota Historical Society, Collections, 6 (1894), 401-408.

Swift, Ivan. "Indian Legend of the Deluge," Michigan History Magazine, 23 (1939), 217-219.

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xxxcheck bib ref Tanner, John (Edwin James, ed.). 1830. Narratives of the Captivity and Adventures of John Tanner. New York: G and C and H Carvill.

Thompson, Stith. "The Indian Legend of Hiawatha," Publications of the Modern Language Association, 37 (1922), pp. 128-140.

United States Army Corps of Engineers. 2016. Mississippi River Headwaters Resevoirs Master Plan, Main Report, October 2016.

United States Congress, Committee on Indian Affairs, Indian Appropriation Bill: Hearings Before the United States House Committee on Indian Affairs, Sixty-Fifth Congress, Third Session, on Dec. 4-7, 9-11, Washington, D.C. U.S. Government Printing Office, 1918, pp. 473-474.

United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service. "Railroad Development in Minnesota, 1862-1956." National Registrar of Historic Places Continuation Sheet, OMB No. 1024-0018, (2005), pp. 1-178.

United States Department of the Interior, Office of Indian Affairs. 1936. "Constitution and Bylaws of the Minnesota Chippewa Tribe, Approved July 24, 1936." Accessed 31 October 2018. https://www.loc.gov/law/help/american-indian-consts/PDF/36026761.pdf.

United States Department of the Interior. Office of Indian Affairs. Consolidated Chippewa Agency. 1922-1947. Organization Authority Record . Accessed 5 November 2018. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10512618.

United States National Park Service, "Railroad Development in Minnesota, 1862-1956." 2005. Accessed 19 September 2018. https://www.dot.state.mn.us/culturalresources/docs/rail/sectione.pdf.

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Vastokas, Joan M. "Interpreting Birch Bark Scrolls," Papers of the Fifteenth Algonquian Conference, 1983, ed. by William Cowan, (Ottawa: Carleton University, 1984); 425-444.

Vecsey, Christopher. "Midewiwin Myths of Origin," Papers of the Fifteenth Algonquian Conference, Ed. by William Cowan (Ottawa: Carleton University, 1983), pp. 445-467.

Vecsey, Christopher. "The Ojibwa Creation Myth: An analysis of its Structure and Content," Temenos: Studies in Comparative Religion, 20 (1985), pp. 66-100.

Vecsey, Christopher. Traditional Ojibwa Religion and Its Historical Changes, (Philadelphia, PA: The American Philogophical Society, 1983).

Vecsey, Christopher and John F. Fisher, "The Ojibwa Creation Myth: An Analysis of its Structure and Content," Temenos: Studies in Comparative Religion, 20 (1985), pp. 66-100.

Vennum, Thomas, Jr. 1980. "A History of Ojibwa Song Form," in traditional Music of North American Indians, Ed. by Charlotte Heth, Selected Reports in Ethnomusicology, 3:2 (Los Angeles: University of California, Los Angeles, Music Department), pp. 42-75.

Vennum, Thomas, Jr. “Constructing the Ojibwa Dance Drum,” Wisconsin Archaeologist 54, no. 4 (1973): 162–74.

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