Sociological Theory
Department of Sociology and Anthropology
UMD


WORLD SYSTEMS THEORY
IMMANUEL WALLERSTEIN


DURING THE 1970S QUESTIONS ABOUT THE FAILURE OF MARX'S PREDICTIONS ABOUT THE COLLAPSE OF CAPITALISM
HOW HAS CAPITALISM COUNTERED THE INHERENT CONTRADICTIONS

NATIONS CONNECTED HISTORICALLY THROUGH TWO MAJOR SYSTEMS
  1. WORLD EMPIRE
    1. TRADITIONAL CONCEPTION OF STATE CONTROLLED IMPERIALISM

    2. MILITARY CONQUEST AND CONTROL (THINK OF COLONIAL SYSTEM)

    3. TAKES RESOURCES IN FORM OF PAYMENTS, TRIBUTES; TAXES ETC.

    4. CAN REMAIN AUTONOMOUS OR TAKE OVER POLITICALLY/MILITARILY

    5. WEALTH AND POWER FLOWS TO POWERFUL NATION AND ELITES

    6. COMMON PRIOR TO 1400'S

    7. PROBLEM --
      • NEED TO SUSTAIN LARGE MILITARY;
      • BUREAUCRACY;
      • CONTROL OF CONQUERED POPULATIONS;
      • CORRUPTION; ETC.


  2. WORLD ECONOMY
    1. DEVELOPMENT OF WORLD MARKET (BOTH IN TERMS OF OUTLET FOR GOODS AND PRODUCTION)
    2. MULTIPLE NATION-STATES AS CORE

    3. COMPETITION BETWEEN CORE STATES

    4. PERIPHERAL NATION-STATES; CHEEP LABOR; RAW RESOURCES THROUGH UNEQUAL TRADE

THE STRUCTURE OF WORLD SYSTEM

  1. CORE

    • MAJOR POWERS;
      POLITICAL; ECONOMIC; MILITARY

    • CONSUMER MARKET ORIENTED;

    • HIGHLY PAID WORKERS (COMPARATIVELY);

    • LOW TAXES;

    • RESULTING IN HIGH RATES OF ACCUMULATION OF CAPITAL;

    • GREAT ADVANCEMENT IN TECHNOLOGY;

    • MARKET DRIVEN NEEDS;

    • LARGE FIRMS (MONOPOLY CAPITAL) -GLOBAL IN SCALE


  2. PERIPHERY

    • UNDER DEVELOPED;

    • ELITE RULE;

    • EASY TO EXPLOIT;

    • CONQUER;

    • RELIES ON NATURAL RESOURCES

    • HUGE TRADE DISADVANTAGE

    • LACK OF TECHNOLOGY

    • LACK OF CAPITAL

    • UNEQUAL EXCHANGE LEADS TO TRANSFER OF WEALTH TO CORE

    • INCREASE GAP BETWEEN POWERFUL, RICH AND THE POOR

    • NO FUNDS TO IMPROVE INFRASTRUCTURE OF COUNTRY

    • POPULATION TOO LARGE FOR STATE TO CARE FOR

    • POLITICAL INSTABILITY

    • NOT LIKELY TO MOVE INTO CORE POSITION


  3. SEMI PERIPHERY

    • LESS POWERFUL THAN CORE BUT MORE POWERFUL THAN PERIPHERY

    • SOME MANUFACTURING

    • CAPABLE OF MOVING INTO CORE AREA

    • CORE COUNTRIES HAVE THEIR PROBLEMS

      1. NEED FOR BIG MILITARY

      2. BIG BUREAUCRACIES

      3. CONFLICT WITH OTHER CORE COUNTRIES


EXAMPLES OF EACH CATEGORY
"Trade Globalization since 1795: waves of integration in the world-system"
American Sociological Review February 2000, Millennial Symposium.
Christopher Chase-Dunn
Yukio Kawano
Benjamin Brewer
Periphery Core Countries Semiperiphery
AFG-Afghanistan KWT-Kuwait USA-United States BRA-Brazil
ALB-Albania KGZ-Kyrgyz Republic GBR Wales CHN-China
DZA-Algeria LAO-Lao PDR FRA-France HKG-Hong Kong
AGO-Angola LVA-Latvia AUS-Australia IRN-Iran, Islamic Rep.
BHR-Bahrain LBN-Lebanon DNK-Denmark ISR-Israel
BGD-Bangladesh LSO-Lesotho ITA-Italy KOR-Korea, Rep.
BRB-Barbados LBR-Liberia SWE-Sweden ZAF-South Africa
BLR-Belarus LBY-Libya ESP-Spain SGP-Singapore
BLZ-Belize LTU-Lithuania JPN-Japan MEX-Mexico
BEN-Benin MAC-Macao NLD-Netherlands ARG-Argentina
BOL-Bolivia MKD-Macedonia, FYR AUT-Austria IND-India
BWA-Botswana MDG-Madagascar CAN-Canada IDN-Indonesia
BGR-Bulgaria MWI-Malawi BEL-Belgium Taiwan
BFA-Burkina Faso MYS-Malaysia CHE-Switzerland
BDI-Burundi MLI-Mali DEU-Germany
KHM-Cambodia MRT-Mauritania NZL-New Zealand
CMR-Cameroon MUS-Mauritius IRL-Ireland
CAF-Central African Republic MDA-Moldova NOR-Norway
TCD-Chad MNG-Mongolia FIN-Finland
CHL-Chile MAR-Morocco PRT-Portugal
COL-Colombia MOZ-Mozambique
COG-Congo MMR-Myanmar
CRI-Costa Rica NAM-Namibia
CIV-Cote d'Ivoire NPL-Nepal
HRV-Croatia NIC-Nicaragua
CUB-Cuba NER-Niger
CYP-Cyprus NGA-Nigeria
CZE-Czech Republic OMN-Oman
DOM-Dominican Republic PAK-Pakistan
ECU-Ecuador PAN-Panama
EGY-Egypt, Arab Rep. PNG-Papua New Guinea
SLV-El Salvador PRY-Paraguay
ERI-Eritrea PER-Peru
EST-Estonia PHL-Philippines
ETH-Ethiopia POL-Poland
RWA-Rwanda PRI-Puerto Rico
SAU-Saudi Arabia ROM-Romania
GAB-Gabon RUS-Russian Federation
GMB-Gambia, The SEN-Senegal
GEO-Georgia SLE-Sierra Leone
GHA-Ghana LKA-Sri Lanka
GRC-Greece SDN-Sudan
GTM-Guatemala SUR-Suriname
GIN-Guinea SYR-Syrian Arab Republic
GNB-Guinea-Bissau TZA-Tanzania
GUY-Guyana THA-Thailand
HTI-Haiti TGO-Togo
HND-Honduras TTO-Trinidad and Tobago
ARE-United Arab Emirates TUN-Tunisia
URY-Uruguay TUR-Turkey
HUN-Hungary UGA-Uganda
IRQ-Iraq VEN-Venezuela
YEM-Yemen, Rep. VNM-Vietnam
YUG-Yugoslavia, FR (Serbia/Montenegro) ZMB-Zambia
ZAR-Zaire ZWE-Zimbabwe
JAM-Jamaica
JOR-Jordan
KAZ-Kazakstan
KEN-Kenya


MAJOR CYCLES IN THE ECONOMY

KANDRATIEFF -- 150 YEARS

LEADS TO CONCENTRATION OF WEALTH; EXPLOITATION; SATURATION OF MARKET; LABOR DISPUTES; NEW TECHNOLOGY; INVESTMENT; CRISIS ETC


JUGLAR -- 5 TO 8 YEARS

LIFE OF MACHINERY


KUZNET -- 25 YEARS

GENERATION OF WORK FORCE BUYING POWER

CAPITALISM ON THE WORLD SCALE IS GOING THROUGH WHAT MARX PREDICTED ON THE STATE LEVEL. WORK FORCE IS INEVITABLE



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The University of Minnesota is an equal opportunity educator and employer.

Copyright: © 2001, John Hamlin
Last Modified: Wednesday, 21-Nov-2007 06:35:05 CST
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